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首页> 外文期刊>Ocean & coastal management >Defining boat wake impacts on shoreline stability toward management and policy solutions
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Defining boat wake impacts on shoreline stability toward management and policy solutions

机译：通过管理和政策解决方案定义船尾对海岸线稳定性的影响

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Coastal economies are often supported by activities that rely on commercial or recreational vessels to move people or goods, such as shipping, transportation, cruising, and fishing. Unintentionally, frequent or intense vessel traffic can contribute to erosion of coastlines; this can be particularly evident in sheltered systems where shoreline erosion should be minimal in the absence of boat waves. We reviewed the state of the science of known effects of boat waves on shoreline stability, examined data on erosion, turbidity, and shoreline armoring patterns for evidence of a response to boat waves in Chesapeake Bay, and reviewed existing management and policy actions in Chesapeake Bay and nearby states to make recommendations for actions to minimize boat wake impacts. In the literature, as well as in our analyses, boat wake energy may be linked to elevated turbidity and shoreline erosion, particularly in narrow waterways. In Chesapeake Bay, three lines of evidence suggest boat waves are contributing to shoreline erosion and poor water clarity in some Bay creeks and tributaries: 1) nearshore turbidity was elevated in many waterways during periods of expected high boating activity, 2) armoring was placed along about a quarter of the low energy shorelines of three examined tidal creeks that are exposed to relatively high boating pressure, and 3) 15% of the shorelines we examined throughout the Bay (9000 km) are low energy shorelines that are experiencing high erosion (>= 0.3 m/yr) that cannot be attributed to wind wave energy. Still, there remain significant data gaps that preclude the determination of the overall contribution of boat waves to shoreline erosion throughout the Bay, notably, shoreline erosion data in low energy waterways, recreational boating traffic patterns, and nearshore bathymetry. Interim protective measures can be (and have been) applied in high risk waterways, such as small, low energy waterways that have high recreational boating activity, to help reduce shoreline erosion. Policy options used in Bay states and elsewhere include setbacks from the shore, wake restrictions, and speed restrictions; other more restrictive policies may include prohibition on boats of a certain size or limiting the number of passages. Finally, a systems-approach to boat wake impact management using uniform boat wake policies is likely to be the most effective for consistent shoreline protection.
机译：沿海经济通常由依靠商业或休闲船来运送人员或货物的活动来支持，例如运输，运输，巡航和捕鱼。无意中，频繁或密集的船只通行会加剧海岸线的侵蚀；在庇护系统中尤其明显，在没有船浪的情况下，海岸线侵蚀应最小。我们回顾了船浪对海岸线稳定性的已知科学状况，研究了侵蚀，浊度和海岸线装甲模式的数据，以证明切萨皮克湾对船浪的反应，并审查了切萨皮克湾现有的管理和政策措施及附近各州就减少船尾影响的行动提出建议。在文献以及我们的分析中，船尾能量可能与浊度和海岸线侵蚀加剧有关，特别是在狭窄的水道中。在切萨皮克湾，三行证据表明船浪在某些海湾小河和支流中助长了海岸线侵蚀和水质清晰度差：1）在预期的高划船活动期间，许多水道的近岸混浊度升高； 2）大约三艘潮汐小溪的低能海岸线的四分之一处于较高的划船压力之下，并且3）我们在整个海湾（9000公里）中所考察的海岸线的15％是遭受高侵蚀的低能海岸线（> = 0.3 m / yr）不能归因于风波能量。但是，仍然存在大量数据缺口，无法确定船波对整个海湾海岸线侵蚀的总体贡献，尤其是低能水道的海岸线侵蚀数据，休闲游船交通方式和近岸测深。临时保护措施可以（并且已经）应用于高风险水道，例如娱乐活动频繁的小型低能水道，以帮助减少海岸线侵蚀。海湾各州和其他地区使用的政策选择包括海岸的挫折，尾流限制和速度限制；其他更具限制性的政策可能包括禁止一定大小的船只或限制通过次数。最后，采用统一的划艇政策对划艇影响进行管理的系统方法可能是最有效的海岸线保护措施。

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