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首页> 外文期刊>Ocean & coastal management >Surface currents and transport processes in the Strait of Gibraltar: Implications for modeling and management of pollutant spills
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Surface currents and transport processes in the Strait of Gibraltar: Implications for modeling and management of pollutant spills

机译：直布罗陀海峡的地表流和运输过程：对污染物泄漏的建模和管理的启示

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摘要

The main features of the surface currents in the Strait of Gibraltar and Algeciras Bay are analyzed from the numerical results of three-dimensional hydrodynamic modeling, complemented and validated through observational data. The relative contributions of the main processes affecting the surface current patterns (i.e. mean background flows, barotropic tide, baroclinic internal waves, and wind regime) are described and interpreted, focusing on their effects on surface transport-dispersion processes, with special attention paid to the simulation and prediction of the evolution of oil spills and other marine pollutants in this sensitive environment in the context of coastal management. In general, the mean background surface flow promotes eastward transport in the Strait and re-circulation patterns within Algeciras Bay, with inflows and outflows mainly near the western and eastern coasts, respectively. The barotropic tide produces periodic reversals of water transport (and hence higher persistence and re-entrance processes) on the western side of the Strait and within the Bay, while its effects are generally weaker than the mean eastward flow in the eastern region. Baroclinic, tide-induced, short-period internal waves are responsible for occasional local high-divergence of the current field, with effects on the surface transport-dispersion processes. Finally, the wind regimes commonly present in this environment (mainly easterlies and westerlies) generally modulate the transport intensity in the Strait, while affecting more strongly the surface transport patterns within Algeciras Bay. Outputs from the developed metocean modeling system fed a Lagrangian particle-tracking model, validated by drifting-buoy data, to reproduce past oil spill events: the tanker Sea Spirit in the western Strait of Gibraltar (1990), and the ships Fedra and Tawe in Algeciras Bay (2008), each well documented and characterized by different metocean conditions and spill quantities. The predicted time-spatial distribution of the oil slicks and affected coasts were compared with available reports and photographs, showing that the strongly baroclinic oceanographic regime of the Strait of Gibraltar and Algeciras Bay demands a fully 3-D approach to simulate properly the behavior of surface pollutant spills in these environments, in order to achieve an efficient management by supporting risk assessment, contingency planning and palliation activities.
机译：从三维水动力模型的数值结果分析了直布罗陀海峡和阿尔赫西拉斯海湾海面的主要特征，并通过观测数据进行了补充和验证。描述和解释了影响表面电流模式的主要过程的相对贡献（即平均背景流量，正压潮，斜压内波和风况），重点是它们对表面输运-弥散过程的影响，并特别注意在沿海管理的背景下，在这种敏感环境中模拟和预测溢油和其他海洋污染物的演变。一般而言，平均背景地表流动促进了海峡向东的运输和阿尔赫西拉斯湾内的再循环模式，流入和流出分别主要在西部和东部海岸附近。正压潮在海峡西岸和海湾内产生周期性的水运逆转（从而导致较高的持续性和折返过程），而其影响通常弱于东部地区的平均东向流动。斜压，潮汐引起的短周期内波是造成电流场偶尔局部高发散的原因，并影响了表面输运-弥散过程。最后，这种环境中普遍存在的风态（主要是东风和西风）通常会调节海峡的运输强度，同时更强烈地影响阿尔赫西拉斯湾内的地面运输方式。发达的海洋模型系统的输出提供了拉格朗日粒子跟踪模型，并通过浮标数据进行了验证，以重现过去的漏油事件：直布罗陀海峡西部的Sea Spirit油轮（1990年），Fedra和Tawe船Algeciras Bay（2008），每口井都有记录，并根据不同的海洋环境和漏油量进行表征。将浮油和受影响海岸的预测时空分布与可用的报告和照片进行了比较，表明直布罗陀海峡和阿尔赫西拉斯湾的强斜斜海洋学体制要求采用完全3D方法来正确模拟地表行为为了通过支持风险评估，应急计划和缓解活动来实现有效管理，污染物在这些环境中泄漏。

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