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Critical gaps in seagrass protection reveal the need to address multiple pressures and cumulative impacts

机译：海草保护方面的关键差距表明需要解决多重压力和累积影响

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Management is failing to adequately protect coastal ecosystems. Here we reviewed the policies, legislation, plans and management frameworks intended to protect seagrass meadows in 20 case-studies with the aim of identifying critical gaps in seagrass protection. The case-studies were chosen to represent a range of regions known to have high cumulative impacts or outstanding seagrass management. We asked five 'key questions' in our review to identify gaps in seagrass protection: 1) are seagrass habitats identified as an ecosystem of environmental significance, 2) what are their main threats, 3) does management consider cumulative impacts and 4) multiple pressures, and 5) are these habitats recovering? Seagrass protection was enacted inconsistently, through a range of legislative, policy and planning processes that only sought to mitigate some of the known pressures. Although the importance of preserving biodiversity and ecosystem services were acknowledged in over 80% of the case-studies, actionable plans to specifically address known pressures were lacking. Poor integration across jurisdictional realms and sectoral management approaches prevented the holistic strategy needed to address multiple pressures. We suggest a priority for enhancing protection of seagrass ecosystems is improving legislation, policies and planning frameworks to consider multiple pressures and cumulative impacts from marine and land-based activities. Management of seagrass ecosystems is likely to be indicative of trends in coastal management more generally, highlighting the urgent need to address multiple pressures and cumulative impacts in legislation and policies.
机译：管理部门未能充分保护沿海生态系统。在这里，我们通过20个案例研究回顾了旨在保护海草草甸的政策，立法，计划和管理框架，旨在确定保护海草方面的关键差距。选择案例研究以代表已知具有高累积影响或出色的海草管理的一系列区域。我们在审查中提出了五个“关键问题”，以确定海草保护方面的差距：1）海草栖息地是否被确定为具有环境重要性的生态系统； 2）它们的主要威胁是什么； 3）管理层是否考虑了累积影响； 4）多重压力，以及5）这些栖息地正在恢复吗？通过一系列旨在减轻某些已知压力的立法，政策和规划程序，海草保护的做法不一致。尽管80％以上的案例研究都承认保护生物多样性和生态系统服务的重要性，但仍缺乏切实可行的计划来专门应对已知压力。管辖范围和部门管理方法之间的集成不佳，阻止了应对多重压力所需的整体战略。我们建议，加强对海草生态系统的保护的优先事项是改善立法，政策和规划框架，以考虑海洋和陆基活动的多重压力和累积影响。对海草生态系统的管理可能更普遍地指示沿海管理的趋势，突出表明迫切需要解决立法和政策中的多重压力和累积影响。

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