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首页> 外文期刊>Ocean & coastal management >Mangrove forest policy and management: Prevailing policy issues, actors' public claims and informal interests in the Sundarbans of Bangladesh
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Mangrove forest policy and management: Prevailing policy issues, actors' public claims and informal interests in the Sundarbans of Bangladesh

机译：红树林的政策和管理：在孟加拉国的Sundarbans中普遍存在政策问题，行为者的公共主张和非正式利益

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Mangrove forests have enormous ecological and socio-economic importance for a number of different stakeholders and policy actors. Hence, a wide range of often conflicting material interests can be expected surrounding mangrove forest policy and management. These conflicts result in different issues of mangrove policy and management, on which different actors articulate their positions through publicly stated claims. It is unclear, in how far these publicly stated positions and claims resemble the formal interest of the actors only, or if they also reveal parts of their informal interests. In the Sundarbans mangrove forests, a number of issues have arisen, which are of contemporary policy concern. The aim of this study is to identify the most recent issues relating to the Sundarbans in Bangladesh and analyse the actors' claims/arguments on the identified issues which were publicly stated as an expression of formal or informal interest. In order to analyse these public claims, content analysis of selected Bangladeshi national newspapers, experts' deliberations and national policy documents was undertaken as an empirical method to ascertain relevant issues and actors' claims. A theory-based actor typology was applied to distinguish the relevant actors, and the concept of formal and informal interests was employed. The results indicate that the most salient policy issues around mangrove forest policy and management are: establishing Rampal power plant; protection of the Sundarbans forest area; environmental pollution; biodiversity conservation; reputation as a World Natural Heritage Site; relevance for climate change adaptation and mitigation; and local people's livelihoods. Government and Administration are found to be the most active actor in all the observed issues. Surprisingly, only very few administrations partake in public deliberations and the Prime Minister seems to dominate the public debate. This might be explained by the fact that the Rampal power plant project is perceived as the most contentious issue among all actors, with strong discursive support from the Prime Minister. In light of this issue structure, non-governmental actors as well as most bureaucracies are rarely found to actively engage in public debate on mangrove issues while informal interests were being displayed by Prime Minister and non-ruling political parties to a limited extent. Future empirical study to be conducted on the historical trajectory of Rampal power plant addressing the Prime Minister's arguments and environmental concerns of civil society actors. Also it would be worth to map the high degree of bureaucratic rivalry which can be assumed form the conflicting interest in mangrove forests between the responsible ministry-the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEFCC) and other ministries in their struggle for power.
机译：对于许多不同的利益相关者和政策参与者来说，红树林具有巨大的生态和社会经济意义。因此，围绕红树林的政策和管理，人们通常会想到许多相互冲突的物质利益。这些冲突导致了红树林政策和管理的不同问题，在这些问题上，不同参与者通过公开宣称的主张阐明了自己的立场。目前尚不清楚这些公开声明的立场和主张在多大程度上仅类似于行为者的正式利益，或者它们是否也揭示了其非正式利益的一部分。在Sundarbans的红树林中，出现了许多与当代政策有关的问题。这项研究的目的是找出与孟加拉国的Sundarbans有关的最新问题，并分析行为者对已识别问题的主张/论点，这些问题被公开表述为正式或非正式利益的表达。为了分析这些公共诉求，对选定的孟加拉国国家报纸，专家的审议和国家政策文件进行了内容分析，以此作为确定相关问题和行为者诉求的经验方法。应用基于理论的演员类型学来区分相关演员，并采用了正式和非正式利益的概念。结果表明，围绕红树林政策和管理的最突出的政策问题是：建立Rampal电厂;保护苏达班森林地区;环境污染;生物多样性保护;作为世界自然遗产的声誉;与适应和缓解气候变化的相关性;和当地人民的生计。在所有观察到的问题中，政府和行政部门是最活跃的参与者。令人惊讶的是，只有极少数的政府参与公共讨论，总理似乎主导了公共辩论。可以说，在总理的大力支持下，拉姆帕尔发电厂项目被认为是所有参与者中最有争议的问题。根据这种问题的结构，很少发现非政府行为者和大多数官僚机构积极参与有关红树林问题的公开辩论，而总理和非执政党在有限程度上显示了非正式利益。未来将对Rampal电厂的历史轨迹进行实证研究，以解决总理的论点和民间社会参与者的环境关切。同样，有必要勾勒出高度官僚主义的对立关系，这可以由负责部委-环境，森林与气候变化部（MoEFCC）与其他部委在争取权力的斗争中对红树林的利益冲突来假定。

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