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Reflections on the ecosystem services of whales and valuing their contribution to human well-being

机译：关于鲸鱼生态系统服务的思考，并重视其对人类福祉的贡献

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摘要

Although whale ecosystem services have been scarcely explored in the academic literature, they illustrate many of the threats, trade-offs and decision-making dilemmas common to marine ecosystem services in general climate change impacts, the ongoing need to provide remote communities with forms of sustenance, and the potential development of new economic sectors which are prosperous but undermine traditional ways of life. In this paper, the first evaluation is carried out of the ecosystem services specific to whales, involving (a) their classification using the established Common International Classification Ecosystem Services (CICES) framework, (b) an assessment of the most suitable methods for their valuation, and (c) implications for decision-making. Our findings are that whale ecosystem services belong to all three categories of the CICES classification and cultural services are the most common type. The most suitable approach for the respective valuation of each service depends on the local socio-cultural context, a fundamental ingredient in value formation, which can formulate on either an individual or collective basis. In the case of individual value formation, this paper recommends the use of economic information derived from non-market valuation techniques; for collective, non-monetary techniques are advised. Given the complexity of human-environment interactions, a pluralist approach to valuation is likely to be required, whereby decision-makers are informed about impacts to whale ecosystem services through a mixture of economic and non-monetary information. A logical consequence of value pluralism is the need for decision-support platforms which can satisfactorily integrate different types of information concerning ecosystem service impacts, evaluating these against multiple marine management objectives. The paper briefly reflects on the potential of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis to fulfil this ambition, before discussing some of the current challenges and barriers which have limited the uptake of ecosystem services research in marine planning and decision-making.
机译：尽管在学术文献中很少探讨鲸鱼生态系统服务，但它们说明了在一般气候变化影响下海洋生态系统服务所共有的许多威胁，权衡和决策困境，目前仍需要为偏远社区提供寄托以及繁荣但破坏传统生活方式的新经济部门的潜在发展。在本文中，对鲸类的生态系统服务进行了首次评估，涉及（a）使用已建立的国际通用分类生态系统服务（CICES）框架对其进行分类，（b）对最合适的评估方法进行评估，以及（c）对决策的影响。我们的发现是，鲸鱼生态系统服务属于CICES分类的所有三个类别，文化服务是最常见的类型。对每项服务进行相应评估的最合适方法取决于当地的社会文化背景，这是价值形成的基本要素，可以基于个人或集体来制定。在个人价值形成的情况下，本文建议使用从非市场估值技术中得出的经济信息。建议使用集体，非货币技术。鉴于人与环境相互作用的复杂性，可能需要采用多元化的估值方法，从而通过经济和非货币信息的混合向决策者提供有关鲸鱼生态系统服务的影响的信息。价值多元化的逻辑结果是需要决策支持平台，该平台可以令人满意地整合有关生态系统服务影响的不同类型信息，并针对多个海洋管理目标进行评估。在讨论当前限制海洋生态系统服务研究在海洋规划和决策中的当前挑战和障碍之前，本文简要地介绍了多准则决策分析实现此雄心的潜力。

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  • 来源
    《Ocean & coastal management》 |2020年第3期|105100.1-105100.12|共12页
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  • 作者单位

    Univ Iceland Sch Engn & Nat Sci Environm & Nat Resources Saemundargotu 2 IS-102 Reykjavik Iceland;

    Univ Iceland Social & Human Sci Environm & Nat Resources Saemundargotu 2 IS-102 Reykjavik Iceland;

    Univ Iceland Saemundargotu 2 IS-102 Reykjavik Iceland;

    Univ Vermont Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources Gund Inst Environm Johnson House 617 Main St Burlington VT USA;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Classifying; Marine; Values; Valuation; Planning; Whales; Ecosystem services;

    机译：分类海军陆战队价值观;估值;规划;鲸鱼生态系统服务;

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