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Odyssey's Treasure Ship: Salvor, Owner, or Sovereign Immunity

机译：奥德赛的宝藏船：救助，船东或主权豁免

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摘要

Odyssey Marine Exploration, Inc. v. The Unidentified Shipwrecked Vessel is a recent controversial case decided by U.S. courts concerning a Spanish historic shipwreck on the high seas. This article analyzes the case and its implications from three aspects. First, the different laws applicable to shipwrecks reflect diversified approaches to the preservation of shipwrecks on the high seas. Second, compared with the U.S. Foreign Sovereignty Immunity Act and the UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, the UN Convention on Jurisdictional Immunities of States and Their Property better defines "commercial activity" by using the nature of the transaction as a primary criterion and its purpose as a supplement. Moreover, warship wrecks and the cargo on board are inseverable for sovereign immunity purposes. Third, a legal vacuum exists for the protection of a former colony state's legitimate interests over a historic shipwreck.
机译：Odyssey Marine Exploration，Inc.诉“身份不明的沉船”一案是美国法院最近裁定的一桩争议性案件，涉及公海上的西班牙历史性沉船案。本文从三个方面分析了此案及其含义。首先，适用于海难的不同法律反映了在公海保存海难的多种方法。其次，与《美国外国主权豁免法》和联合国教科文组织《关于保护水下文化遗产的公约》相比，《联合国国家及其财产司法管辖权公约》通过将交易的性质作为主要内容，更好地定义了“商业活动”。准则及其作为补充的目的。而且，出于主权豁免目的，军舰残骸和船上货物是不可分割的。第三，存在法律真空，以保护前殖民地国家在历史性沉船事故中的合法利益。

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