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The Legal Status and Operation of Unmanned Maritime Vehicles

机译：无人驾驶海事车辆的法律地位和运作

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The number of unmanned maritime vehicles (UMVs) and their potential applications in the marine space are growing constantly. Because of their comparatively small size and limited operations, only modest attention has been paid to how they fit into the international legal framework. Many UMVs may not be considered to fall under the definition of "ship" so as to enjoy states' rights of navigation under UNCLOS. Therefore states, manufacturers, and investors remain uncertain about the rights and obligations regarding UMV operations in the various maritime zones. This article addresses these questions for a range of UMVs with differing levels of autonomy. It argues that the international legal framework delegates the question of whether a UMV is a ship or not to the flag state's national laws. The article suggests that such a determination will be binding on other states. With respect to UMVs that do not fall under the definition of ship, there is remaining uncertainty about whether any navigational rights in the jurisdictional zones of other states are available, while it is argued that such rights do exist in the areas beyond national jurisdiction. The article also considers the extent to which today's UMVs can comply with the international framework for ensuring safety at sea. For those UMVs falling under the definition of ship, compliance with the current regulatory framework for shipping is required and compliance will be more difficult as the level of UMV autonomy increases.
机译：无人驾驶海上车辆（UMV）的数量及其潜在应用在海域空间中不断增长。由于其相对较小的尺寸和有限的业务，因此只需要适应国际法律框架的谦虚。许多UMV可能被认为是在“船舶”的定义下落下，以便享受国家在联合国联合国人民航行的“航行权利”。因此，各国，制造商和投资者仍然不确定各种海域在各种海区的UMV行动的权利和义务。本文为一系列UMV讨论了具有不同自主程度的UMV。它认为，国际法律框架代表了UMV是否是船舶的问题，或者不是国旗国家的国家法律。文章表明，这种确定将在其他州具有约束力。关于不属于船舶定义的UMV，仍然存在不确定其他国家的司法区域的任何导航权可用的不确定性，同时认为这些权利是否存在于国家管辖范围之外的区域存在。本文还审议了今天的UMV可以遵守国际框架确保海上安全的程度。对于在船舶定义下落下的UMV，遵守目前的运费框架是必要的，并且随着UMV自治的水平增加，遵守情况将更加困难。

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