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Modeling of turbulent dissipation and its validation in periodically stratified region in the Liverpool Bay and in the North Sea

机译：利物浦湾和北海周期性分层区域中湍流消散的模型及其验证

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The present work explores the applicability of an alternative eddy viscosity formulation in numerical models dealing with the dynamics of the coastal ocean. The formulation is based on the Reynolds stress anisotropy-anisotropy being an important tool for capturing turbulent mixing. Initially idealized entrainment scenarios are evaluated that are typical for shelf seas viz. entrainment in linearly stratified and two-layer fluids caused by surface wind stress or barotropic pressure gradient-driven bottom stress. An attempt is made to simulate the realistic semi-diurnal cycle of turbulent dissipation in Liverpool Bay Region of Freshwater Inflow (ROFI) in the Irish Sea characterized by strong horizontal gradients and interactions with tidal flow. Turbulent dissipation cycles with a 25-h period using free-falling light yo-yo (FLY) dissipation profiler exhibits a strong asymmetry between ebb and flood. The above dynamics involving tidal straining during the ebb and mixing during the flood has been simulated using k- and the alternative formulated turbulence scheme in a one-dimensional (1-D) dynamic model. The model is forced with observed tidal flow and horizontal gradients of temperature and salinity. Simulated dissipation cycles show good agreement with observation. The present work also involves a comparison of dissipation rate measurements in northern North Sea using the abovementioned turbulence schemes-the measurements being taken using free-falling shear probes and CTD (conductivity, temperature, and depth) sensors. The main forcing provided for the upper and bottom boundary layers are atmospheric forcing and tides, respectively. To compare the observations and model results, quantitative error measurements have also been studied which reveal the applicability of the alternative turbulence scheme.
机译：本工作探讨了替代涡流粘度公式在处理沿海海洋动力学的数值模型中的适用性。该公式基于雷诺应力各向异性-各向异性是捕获湍流混合的重要工具。初步评估了理想的夹带情景，这对于陆架来说很典型。表面风应力或正压梯度梯度驱动的底应力引起的线性分层和两层流体夹带。试图模拟爱尔兰海利物浦湾淡水流入（ROFI）区域中湍流消散的现实半日循环，其特征是强烈的水平梯度以及与潮汐流的相互作用。使用自由落体溜溜球（FLY）耗散剖面仪进行的25小时周期的湍流耗散循环在潮起潮落之间表现出强烈的不对称性。使用一维（1-D）动力学模型中的k-和替代公式化的湍流方案，已模拟了上述涉及潮起潮落和潮汐混合的动力学。该模型被强制采用观测到的潮汐流以及温度和盐度的水平梯度。模拟的耗散周期与观察结果吻合良好。本工作还涉及使用上述湍流方案对北海北部的耗散率测量结果进行比较-使用自由落体剪切探头和CTD（电导率，温度和深度）传感器进行测量。为上边界层和底边界层提供的主要强迫分别是大气强迫和潮汐。为了比较观察结果和模型结果，还研究了定量误差测量，这些测量揭示了替代湍流方案的适用性。

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