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Oil spill modeling in the southeastern Mediterranean Sea in support of accelerated offshore oil and gas exploration

机译：地中海东南部的溢油建模，以支持加速的海上油气勘探

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摘要

Since the discovery of major reserves in the Israeli exclusive economic zone (EEZ) 6 years ago, exploration and drilling for natural gas and oil have proceeded at an accelerated pace. As part of the licensing procedure for drilling, an environmental impact assessment and an emergency response plan must be presented to the authorities, which include several prespecified oil spill simulations. In this study, the MEDSLIK oil spill model has been applied for this purpose. The model accounts for time-dependent advection, dispersion, and physiochemical weathering of the surface slick. It is driven by currents produced by high-resolution dynamic downscaling of ocean reanalysis data and winds extracted from global atmospheric analyses. Worst case scenarios based on 30-day well blowouts under four sets of environmental conditions were simulated for wells located at 140, 70, and 20 km off the coast of central Israel. For the well furthest from the coast, the amount of oil remaining in the surface slick always exceeds the amount deposited on the coast. For the mid-distance well, the cases were evenly split. For the well closest to the coast, coastal deposition always exceeds the oil remaining in the slick. Additional simulations with the wind switched off helped highlight the importance of the wind in evaporation of the oil and in transporting the slick toward the southeastern coast.
机译：自6年前在以色列专属经济区（EEZ）发现主要储量以来，天然气和石油的勘探和钻探工作一直在加速进行。作为钻探许可程序的一部分，必须向当局提交环境影响评估和应急计划，其中包括几个预先指定的溢油模拟。在这项研究中，为此目的应用了MEDSLIK溢油模型。该模型说明了表面浮选的时间依赖性平流，弥散和物理化学风化。它是由海洋再分析数据的高分辨率动态缩小和从全球大气分析中提取的风产生的洋流驱动的。针对位于以色列中部沿海140、70和20 km处的油井，模拟了在四种环境条件下基于30天井喷的最坏情况。对于离海岸最远的油井而言，残留在地表油中的油量总是超过沉积在海岸上的油量。对于中距离油井，情况被平均分配。对于最靠近海岸的油井，沿海沉积物总是超过浮油中剩余的油。在关闭风的情况下进行的其他模拟有助于突出风在油蒸发和将浮油运往东南海岸方面的重要性。

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