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Improving the time resolution of surfzone bathymetry using in situ altimeters

机译：使用原位高度计提高海浪测深的时间分辨率

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摘要

Surfzone bathymetry often is resolved poorly in time because watercraft surveys cannot be performed when waves are large, and remote sensing techniques have limited vertical accuracy. However, accurate high-frequency bathy-metric information at fixed locations can be obtained from altimeters that sample nearly continuously, even during storms. A method is developed to generate temporally and spatially dense maps of evolving surfzone bathymetry by updating infrequent spatially dense watercraft surveys with the bathymetric change measured by a spatially sparse array of nearly continuously sampling altimeters. The update method is applied to observations of the evolution of shore-perpendicular rip current channels (dredged in Duck, NC, 2012) and shore-parallel sandbars (observed in Duck, NC, 1994). The updated maps are compared with maps made by temporally interpolating the watercraft surveys, and with maps made by spatially interpolating the altimeter measurements at any given time. Updated maps of the surfzone rip channels and sandbars are more accurate than maps obtained by using either only watercraft surveys or only the altimeter measurements. Hourly altimeter-updated bathymetric estimates of five rip channels show rapid migration and infill events not resolved by watercraft surveys alone. For a 2-month observational record of sandbars, altimeter-updated maps every 6 h between nearly daily surveys improve the time resolution of rapid bar-migration events.
机译：海浪测深法通常无法及时解决，因为在海浪很大时无法进行船只调查，并且遥感技术的垂直精度有限。但是，即使在暴风雨期间，也可以从几乎连续采样的高度计中获得固定位置的准确高频测深信息。开发了一种方法，该方法通过用通过近乎连续采样的高度计的空间稀疏阵列测得的测深变化来更新不频繁的空间密集的水运工具勘测图，从而生成不断发展的海浪测深图的时间和空间密集图。该更新方法适用于观测沿岸垂直裂隙水流通道（在北卡罗来纳州达克，2012年挖土）和沿岸平行沙洲（在北卡罗来纳州达克，1994年观测）的演变。将更新后的地图与通过在时间上插值船只测量数据而制得的地图，以及通过在任何给定时间对高度计测量值进行空间插值而制成的地图进行比较。与仅使用船只测量或仅使用高度计测量获得的地图相比，更新的海浪河道和沙洲地图更准确。每小时高度计更新的五个裂谷通道的测深估计表明，快速的迁移和填充事件无法仅通过船只调查来解决。对于为期2个月的沙洲观测记录，在近乎每日一次的勘测之间每6小时更新一次高度计更新的地图，可以提高快速的沙洲迁移事件的时间分辨率。

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