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A comparison of acoustic turbulence profiling techniques in the presence of waves

机译：波浪存在下声湍流剖面技术的比较

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In order to measure turbulent quantities in coastal waters, one must either avoid or confront the confounding effect of waves. In previous work, we have developed a method to cancel waves when using the variance technique to compute Reynolds stress from acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) data. In this paper, we extend this wave cancellation methodology to measurements of turbulent kinetic energy and dissipation using velocities measured along a single acoustic beam. Velocity profiles were collected using a Teledyne/RDI 1,200 kHz ADCP and a Nortek AWAC. The AWAC has a vertical beam that was programmed by Nortek to deliver profiles of vertical velocity. Vertical velocities are desirable both because they eliminate sources of phase error in the wave cancellation procedure and because they constrain measurement uncertainty with respect to turbulent anisotropy. Results indicate that acoustic profiles taken in standard Doppler mode, to which the vertical beam of the AWAC was limited, were too noisy to resolve turbulence under the deployment conditions herein. Pulse-to-pulse coherent modes such as those available on the ADCP were sufficiently low noise to resolve turbulent signals; however, vertical beam data are not available for this device. Nevertheless, our wave cancellation methodology was successful in removing the overwhelming variance associated with waves from both instruments, allowing realistic estimates of Reynolds stress, turbulent kinetic energy, and dissipation from the ADCP.rnThis method holds even more promise as low-noise operating modes are developed for vertical beam acoustic profiling instruments such as the AWAC.
机译：为了测量沿海水域的湍流量，必须避免或面对海浪的混杂影响。在先前的工作中，我们开发了一种使用方差技术从声学多普勒电流剖面仪（ADCP）数据计算雷诺应力时消除波的方法。在本文中，我们将这种消波方法扩展到使用沿单个声束测得的速度来测量湍动能和耗散。使用Teledyne / RDI 1,200 kHz ADCP和Nortek AWAC收集速度曲线。 AWAC具有由Nortek编程的垂直光束，以提供垂直速度的轮廓。垂直速度是理想的，这既因为它们消除了波消除程序中的相位误差源，又因为它们限制了关于湍流各向异性的测量不确定性。结果表明，在标准多普勒模式下获取的声廓线太嘈杂，无法解决此处部署条件下的湍流，而标准多普勒模式限制了声波廓线。诸如ADCP上可用的脉冲至脉冲相干模式具有足够低的噪声，可以解析湍流信号。但是，垂直光束数据不适用于该设备。但是，我们的消波方法成功地消除了两种仪器中与波相关的压倒性差异，从而可以对ADC的雷诺应力，湍动能和耗散进行实际估计.rn这种方法在低噪声工作模式下具有更大的前景专为AWAC等垂直波束声学轮廓分析仪而开发。

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