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Spatial and temporal structure of the Denmark Strait Overflow revealed by acoustic observations

机译：声学观测揭示的丹麦海峡溢流的时空结构

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In spite of the fundamental role the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) plays for global climate stability, no direct current measurement of the Denmark Strait Overflow, which is the densest part of the AMOC, has been available until recently that resolve the cross-stream structure at the sill for long periods. Since 1999, an array of bottom-mounted acoustic instruments measuring current velocity and bottom-to-surface acoustic travel times was deployed at the sill. Here, the optimization of the array configuration based on a numerical overflow model is discussed. The simulation proves that more than 80% of the dense water transport variability is captured by two to three acoustic current profilers (ADCPs). The results are compared with time series from ADCPs and Inverted Echo Sounders deployed from 1999 to 2003, confirming that the dense overflow plume can be reliably measured by bottom-mounted instruments and that the overflow is largely geostrophically balanced at the sill.
机译：尽管大西洋子午翻转环流（AMOC）在全球气候稳定中起着根本性的作用，但直到最近为止，仍无法获得对AMOC最密集的部分-丹麦海峡水流的直接测量，直到最近才解决了横流问题。门槛的结构很长一段时间。自1999年以来，在门槛处部署了一系列用于测量当前速度和底部至表面声学传播时间的底部安装式声学仪器。在此，讨论了基于数值溢出模型的阵列配置的优化。仿真证明，通过两到三个声电流剖面仪（ADCP）可以捕捉到80％以上的稠密水输送变化率。将该结果与1999年至2003年部署的ADCP和倒置回波测深仪的时间序列进行了比较，证实了底部安装的仪表可以可靠地测量出浓密的溢流羽流，并且溢流在地基处基本达到了地转平衡。

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