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Brest sea level record: a time series construction back to the early eighteenth century

机译：布雷斯特海平面记录：可追溯到18世纪初的时间序列结构

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The completeness and the accuracy of the Brest sea level time series dating from 1807 make it suitable for long-term sea level trend studies. New data sets were recently discovered in the form of handwritten tabulations, including several decades of the eighteenth century. Sea level observations have been made in Brest since 1679. This paper presents the historical data sets which have been assembled so far. These data sets span approximately 300 years and together constitute the longest, near-continuous set of sea level information in France. However, an important question arises: Can we relate the past and the present-day records? We partially provide an answer to this question by analysing the documents of several historical libraries with the tidal data using a 'data archaeology' approach advocated by Woodworm (Geophys Res Lett 26: 1589-1592, 1999b). A second question arises concerning the accuracy of such records. Careful editing was undertaken by examining the residuals between tidal predictions and observations. It proved useful to remove the worst effects of timing errors, in particular the sundial correction to be applied prior to August 1, 1714. A refined correction based on sundial literature [Savoie, La gnomique, Editions Les Belles Lettres, Paris, 2001] is proposed, which eliminates the systematic offsets seen in the discrepancies in timing of the sea level measurements. The tidal analysis has also shown that shallow-water tidal harmonics at Brest causes a systematic difference of 0.023 m between mean sea level (MSL) and mean tide level (MTL). Thus, MTL should not be mixed with the time series of MSL because of this systematic offset. The study of the trends in MTL and MSL however indicates that MTL can be used as a proxy for MSL. Three linear trend periods are distinguished in the Brest MTL time series over the period 1807-2004. Our results support the recent findings of Holgate and Woodworm (Geophys Res Lett) of an enhanced coastal sea level rise during the last decade compared to the global estimations of about 1.8 mm/year over longer periods (Douglas, J Geophys Res 96:6981-6992, 1991). The onset of the relatively large global sea level trends observed in the twentieth century is an important question in the science of climate change. Our findings point out to an 'inflexion point' at around 1890, which is remarkably close to that in 1880 found in the Liverpool record by Woodworm (Geophys Res Lett 26:1589-1592, 1999b).
机译：1807年布列斯特海平面时间序列的完整性和准确性使其适合长期海平面趋势研究。最近以手写表格的形式发现了新的数据集，包括18世纪的几十年。自1679年以来一直在布雷斯特（Brest）进行海平面观测。本文介绍了迄今已收集的历史数据集。这些数据集跨越大约300年，共同构成了法国最长，近乎连续的海平面信息集。但是，一个重要的问题出现了：我们可以关联过去和现在的记录吗？我们使用Woodworm倡导的“数据考古”方法，通过使用潮汐数据分析几个历史图书馆的文献，部分地提供了这个问题的答案（Geophys Res Lett 26：1589-1592，1999b）。关于这种记录的准确性出现了第二个问题。通过检查潮汐预测和观测值之间的残差来进行仔细的编辑。它被证明可以消除时序误差的最坏影响，特别是在1714年8月1日之前应用日d校正。基于日d文献的精炼校正[Savoie，La gnomique，Editions Les Belles Lettres，Paris，2001]是建议消除了在海平面测量时间差异中看到的系统性偏移。潮汐分析也显示，布列斯特（Brest）的浅水潮汐谐波在平均海平面（MSL）和平均潮汐平面（MTL）之间造成0.023 m的系统差异。因此，由于这种系统性的偏移，不应将MTL与MSL的时间序列混合使用。但是，对MTL和MSL趋势的研究表明，MTL可以用作MSL的代理。在布列斯特MTL时间序列中，从1807-2004年开始，区分了三个线性趋势周期。我们的研究结果支持了Holgate和Woodworm（Geophys Res Lett）的最新发现，在过去十年中，沿海海平面上升的幅度有所提高，而全球更长时期的年均估计约为1.8 mm /年（Douglas，J Geophys Res 96：6981- 6992，1991）。在二十世纪观察到的相对较大的全球海平面趋势的出现是气候变化科学中的一个重要问题。我们的发现指出了1890年左右的“拐点”，与Woodworm在利物浦记录中发现的1880年的拐点非常接近（Geophys Res Lett 26：1589-1592，1999b）。

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