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Formation of subantarctic mode water in the southeastern Indian Ocean

机译：印度洋东南部亚极模式水的形成

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Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) is the name given to the relatively deep surface mixed layers found directly north of the Subantarctic Front in the Southern Ocean, and their extension into the thermocline as weakly stratified or low potential vorticity water masses. The objective of this study is to begin an investigation into the mechanisms controlling SAMW formation, through a heat budget calculation. ARGO profiling floats provide estimates of temperature and salinity typically in the upper 2,000 m and the horizontal velocity at various parking depths. These data are used to estimate terms in the mode water heat budget; in addition, mode water circulation is determined with ARGO data and earlier ALACE float data, and climatological hydrography. We find a rapid transition to thicker layers in the central South Indian Ocean, at about 70°S, associated with a reversal of the horizontal eddy heat diffusion in the surface layer and the meridional expansion of the ACC as it rounds the Kerguelen Plateau. These effects are ultimately related to the bathymetry of the region, leading to the seat of formation in the region southwest of Australia. Upstream of this region, the dominant terms in the heat budget are the air-sea flux, eddy diffusion, and Ekman heat transport, all having approximately equal importance. Within the formation area, the Ekman contribution dominates and leads to a downstream evolution of mode water properties.
机译：亚南极模式水（SAMW）是在南洋亚南极锋正面以北发现的相对较深的表面混合层的名称，它们以弱分层或低潜在涡度水团的形式延伸进入温跃层。这项研究的目的是通过热量预算计算开始研究控制SAMW形成的机制。 ARGO轮廓浮标可估算温度和盐度（通常在2,000 m以上）以及在各种停车深度下的水平速度。这些数据用于估计模式水热预算中的项。此外，模式水循环由ARGO数据和早期的ALACE浮点数据以及气候水文学确定。我们发现，南印度洋中部大约70°S迅速过渡到较厚的层，这与表层中水平涡流热扩散的逆转以及ACC绕过Kerguelen高原的子午线膨胀有关。这些影响最终与该地区的测深有关，导致形成了澳大利亚西南地区的地层。在该区域的上游，热收支中的主要术语是海气通量，涡流扩散和埃克曼热传递，它们的重要性大致相同。在地层区域内，埃克曼贡献占主导地位，并导致模式水属性的下游演变。

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