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Secondary circulation induced by flow curvature and Coriolis effects around headlands and islands

机译：水流曲率和岬角和岛屿周围的科里奥利效应引起的二次循环

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摘要

Previous studies have shown that flow curvature in river bends generates a secondary circulation in the plane normal to the mean flow direction. A similar circulation pattern is shown to exist in oceanic situations when flows are subject to curvature, mainly due to interaction with topographic features. However, it is shown that, due to differences between oceanic conditions and river bends, theory and prediction methods based on the assumptions for river bends are invalid for oceanic flows. Via scaling arguments based on the equations of motion, that include both the effects of flow curvature and the Coriolis force, parameters that govern the different flow regimes are identified. The maximum strength of the secondary flow is derived for each flow regime and is verified using a three-dimensional (3-D) numerical model applied to an idealized island. It is also shown that upwelling, due to the generation of secondary flow, occurs off the tips of the headland or island, and its influence can extend far downstream.
机译：先前的研究表明，河弯中的水流曲率会在垂直于平均水流方向的平面中产生二次循环。当洋流弯曲时，主要是由于与地形特征的相互作用，在海洋环境中存在类似的环流模式。然而，事实表明，由于海洋条件和河弯之间的差异，基于河弯假设的理论和预测方法对洋流无效。通过基于运动方程的定标参数，包括流动曲率和科里奥利力的影响，可以确定控制不同流动状态的参数。针对每个流动状态得出二次流的最大强度，并使用应用于理想岛的三维（3-D）数值模型进行验证。还表明，由于二次流的产生，上升流发生在岬角或岛屿的尖端附近，并且其影响可以延伸到很远的下游。

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