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Quantifying turbulent mixing and oxygen fluxes in a Mediterranean-type, microtidal estuary

机译：在地中海式微潮河口中量化湍流混合和氧气通量

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摘要

Experiments were carried out on an intermittent estuary during its closed (summer) and open (winter) states to identify the physical processes responsible for vertical mixing across the halocline, and to quantify vertical fluxes of oxygen and salt between water layers. During the blocked phase a two-layer structure was observed, with a brackish surface layer overlying old seawater. Within a deep basin the wind-driven turbulent mixing was consistent with the measured surface-layer turbulent dissipation, but the dissipation in the bottom layer appeared to be driven by internal seiching. In the shallow regions of the estuary vertical fluxes of dissolved oxygen were indicative of oxygen demand by respiration and remineralization of organic material in bottom water and sediments. During the estuary's open phase a three-layer structure was observed, having a fresh, river-derived surface layer, a middle layer of new seawater, and a bottom layer of old seawater. In the shallower regions surface-layer turbulent diffusion was consistent with the strong, gusty winds experienced at the time. The dissolved oxygen of the incoming seawater decreased to very low values by the time it reached the upstream deep basin as a result of the low cross-pycnocline oxygen flux being unable to compensate for the oxygen utilization. At least 50% of the cross-pycnocline salt fluxes in the shallow reaches of the open estuary are suggested to be driven by Holmboe instabilities.
机译：在河口处于封闭（夏季）和开放（冬季）状态的间歇河口上进行实验，以确定造成整个盐湖垂直混合的物理过程，并量化水层之间的氧气和盐分的垂直通量。在阻塞阶段，观察到两层结构，微咸的表层覆盖旧海水。在一个深盆地中，风驱动的湍流混合与测得的表层湍流耗散是一致的，但底层的耗散似乎是由内部沉积作用驱动的。在河口的浅水区，溶解氧的垂直通量通过底部水和沉积物中有机物的呼吸作用和再矿化作用来指示需氧量。在河口开放阶段，观察到一个三层结构，具有新鲜的河流表层，中间的新海水层和底层的旧海水。在较浅的区域，表层湍流扩散与当时经历的强阵风一致。进入海水的溶解氧在到达上游深海盆地时已降至非常低的水平，这是由于交叉火星的氧气通量低，无法补偿氧气的利用。建议在开放河口的浅水区中至少有50％的跨多菌灵盐通量是由Holmboe不稳定性驱动的。

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