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Meridional Turner angles and density compensation in the upper ocean

机译：上层子午线特纳角和密度补偿

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The World Ocean Atlas 1998 is used to determine the global field of the meridional density ratio R_ρ~(hy) =αΔT/βΔS, where temperature and salinity changes ΔT and ΔS are evaluated along meridians, in and below the mixed layer. The focus of the analysis is the identification of regions where the R_ρ~(hy) field matches the values R_ρ = 2 sometimes suggested as the commonly perceived state of the ocean and R_ρ = 1, the condition of density compensation. Results are presented through fields of the meridional Turner angle Tu~(hy) = arctan(R_ρ~(hy)) and through histograms of Tu~(hy) for the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans at the ocean surface and at 300 m depth. At the 300-m depth level, which in the subtropics is representative of conditions in the permanent thermo-cline, the most frequently encountered values of the meridional density ratio are R_ρ~(hy) = 3.2 in the North and South Pacific, R~(hy) = 2.0 in the South Atlantic and Indian and R_ρ~(hy) = 1.6 in the North Atlantic Ocean. Conditions in the mixed layer are more variable and show seasonal differences, but R_ρ~(hy) = 2.0 occurs prominently in all ocean regions during winter and in all regions but the Atlantic during summer. Summer values for the Atlantic Ocean are R_ρ~(hy) = 3.2 in the Northern Hemisphere and R_ρ~(hy) = 2.4 in the Southern Hemisphere. Detailed analysis of R_ρ~(hy) across the Subtropical Front (STF) confirms the most frequently observed values but shows zonal variation along the front in some oceans. Nearly complete density compensation (R_ρ~(hy) = 1) in the mixed layer is encountered in the STF of the eastern North Pacific, the eastern South Pacific and the eastern Indian Ocean. The eastern Indian Ocean south of Australia is also the only region where complete density compensation in the STF occurs below the mixed layer.
机译：1998年世界海洋图集用于确定子午线密度比R_ρ〜（hy）=αΔT/βΔS的全局场，其中温度和盐度变化ΔT和ΔS沿子午线在混合层内和混合层以下进行评估。分析的重点是确定R_ρ〜（hy）字段与值R_ρ= 2匹配的区域，有时建议将其作为海洋的普遍感知状态，而R_ρ= 1，即密度补偿的条件。通过子午特纳角Tu〜（hy）= arctan（R_ρ〜（hy））的场以及太平洋，大西洋和印度洋在海面和300 m深度处的Tu〜（hy）直方图来表示结果。在亚热带地区代表永久热跃层条件的300 m深度处，子午线密度比最经常遇到的值是北太平洋和南太平洋的R_ρ〜（hy）= 3.2，R〜在南大西洋和印度，（hy）= 2.0，而在北大西洋，R_ρ〜（hy）= 1.6。混合层中的条件变化更大，并表现出季节差异，但是R_ρ〜（hy）= 2.0在冬季的所有海洋区域以及夏季以外的所有区域都显着出现。在北半球，大西洋的夏季值为R_ρ〜（hy）= 3.2，在南半球，R_ρ〜（hy）= 2.4。跨亚热带锋面（STF）的R_ρ〜（hy）的详细分析确认了最常观测到的值，但显示了在某些海洋中沿锋面的区域变化。在北太平洋东部，南太平洋东部和印度洋东部的STF中，在混合层中遇到了几乎完全的密度补偿（R_ρ〜（hy）= 1）。澳大利亚南部的印度洋东部也是唯一在混合层以下进行STF密度补偿的地区。

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