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Wind forcing of the Ganga-Brahmaputra river plume

机译：甘蓝风迫使The Ganga-Brahmaputra河羽毛

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摘要

Response of Ganga-Brahmaputra river plume to wind forcing in the Bay of Bengal is studied using a numerical ocean circulation model. Four different wind forcing scenarios, namely, winds over the entire model domain, no winds anywhere over the model domain, winds over Equatorial Indian Ocean only and winds over Bay of Bengal only, are considered. Model simulations are carried out in an idealized setting where forcing from other rivers and precipitation is ignored. Despite the absence of this forcing, model captures observed phases of Ganga-Brahmaputra river plume, seasonal cycle of sea surface temperature and spatio-temporal structure of East India Coastal Current (EICC) reasonably well. Horizontal structure of the plume is investigated using surface salinity, surface currents and freshwater thickness obtained from the simulation that includes Ganga-Brahmaputra river discharge and winds over the entire model domain. The plume spreads upstream (eastward) but remains confined to the coast in northern bay during spring. During summer monsoon, plume spreads southward along the east coast of India and subsequently southeastward over the open bay and reaches the northern tip of Andaman islands by the end of October. During winter monsoon, the plume flows southward, assisted by EICC along the east coast of India and recedes northward in the central bay. In the absence of winds, the plume flows southward along the coast of India throughout the year. Equatorial winds force the plume farther (compared to no winds case) southward along the coast of India prominently in the winter monsoon. Local winds control the horizontal structure of the plume in the bay as they produce the seasonal structure that closely resembles that produced by the winds over the entire model domain. Momentum balance of the plume reveals that geostrophy controls the westward drift of the freshwater around the river mouth. Wind friction and associated Ekman flow are important in the upstream spreading of the plume during spring and in the eastward expansion over the open bay during summer monsoon.
机译：使用数值海洋循环模型研究了甘达-Brahmaputra河羽流风暴风迫使孟加拉湾的响应。四种不同的风力迫使场景，即风在整个模型领域，在模型领域的任何地方都没有风，在赤道印度洋上的风越过，仅考虑在孟加拉湾的风中。模型模拟在理想化的环境中进行，其中忽略了其他河流和降水的迫使。尽管缺乏这种强迫，模型捕获观察到的甘达-Brahmaputra河流羽毛阶段，海面温度和东印度沿海电流（EICC）的时空循环结构相当良好。使用表面盐度，表面电流和淡水厚度来研究羽流的水平结构，这些模拟包括Ganga-Brahmaputra河流放电和整个模型领域的风。羽毛在春天蔓延地蔓延（东部），但仍然局限于南部海湾的海岸。夏季季风期间，羽流沿着印度东海岸向南传播，随后在开放海湾东南，到10月底到达安达曼群岛北端。在冬季季风期间，羽毛向南流动，沿着印度东海岸的EICC辅助，在中央海湾向北后退。在没有风的情况下，全年沿着印度海岸向南流动。赤道风力在冬季季风突出的印度海岸沿着印度的海岸向南强迫羽流（与无风箱相比）。当地风控制海湾中羽流的水平结构，因为它们产生了与整个模型领域的风密切相关的季节性结构。羽流的动量平衡揭示了根本控制河口周围淡水的向西漂移。风摩擦和相关的EKMAN流程在春季和在夏季季风在开放式海湾的向东扩张中对羽流的上游扩散很重要。

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