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On multi-point gas injection to form an air layer for frictional drag reduction

机译：多点注气形成空气层以减少摩擦阻力

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Air layer drag reduction has been shown to be a feasible drag reducing technique at the laboratory and at full ship scales. In most studies, the air layers have been generated via gas injection from two-dimensional spanwise slots. However, given ship's structural considerations, it would be preferable to use discrete holes. The present study expands on the work on single orifice gas injection to multi-hole injection. When compared with slot injection, multi-point injection lead to a reduced range of gas fluxes that formed an air layer. Gas injected from a series of discrete holes can exhibit complex flow patterns, including roll-up into the core of liquid vortices that form as part of the process of injecting gas into the liquid boundary layer. The finite span and length of the model utilized for the present experiments was modest. It remains to be shown if a larger model with similar scaled up geometry (and with more beanwise holes) would enable the formation of a stable air layer with a gas flux per unit span that is similar to that required for slot injection. Nevertheless, the results presented here illustrate the complexity associated with gas injection through multiple perforations in a hull.
机译：空气层减阻已被证明是在实验室和全船规模上可行的减阻技术。在大多数研究中，空气层是通过二维跨距缝隙中的气体注入产生的。但是，考虑到船舶的结构考虑，最好使用离散孔。本研究扩展了从单孔口气体注入到多孔注入的工作。与狭缝喷射相比，多点喷射导致形成空气层的气体通量范围缩小。从一系列不连续的孔中注入的气体可能表现出复杂的流动模式，包括向上卷入液体涡流的核心，这是将气体注入液体边界层的过程的一部分。用于本实验的模型的有限跨度和长度是适度的。更大的模型具有相似的按比例放大的几何形状（并具有更多的沿孔的孔）是否能够形成稳定的空气层，其单位跨度的气体通量类似于缝隙注入所需的气体通量，还有待观察。然而，这里给出的结果说明了通过船体中的多个穿孔注入气体的复杂性。

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