Abst'/> Pipelines, risers and umbilicals failures: A literature review
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Pipelines, risers and umbilicals failures: A literature review

机译：管道，立管和脐带故障：文献综述

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AbstractThe exploratory frontier of offshore oil and gas industry comes into deeper waters, with the 3000 m water depth barrier hurdled in the US Gulf of Mexico in 2003. At these water depths, the extremely high external pressures, low temperatures, long distance tie-backs and high environmental loads due to waves, currents, and wind combined brings the employed equipment to its operational limit. This paper presents a literature review on failure events experienced by the industry concerning pipelines, risers, and umbilical cables, describing their causes, consequences, and severity. From the several failure modes reported up to now, it is possible to select the ones that are more frequent and deserves attention from academia and industry. Concerning pipelines, the main failure modes reported are due to mechanical damage, corrosion, construction defect, natural hazards and fatigue. Additionally, a vast review of published researches concerning the pipeline-seabed interaction is presented. With regard to floating risers, approximately 85% of them are of flexible type. Although flexible risers may fail in different ways, collapse due to external pressure is reported as the most frequent failure mode. For umbilical cables, the major failure modes are found to occur under tension or compression, torsion, fatigue, wear and sheaving.Highlights•Extensively study about the safety of offshore operations in deepwater.•Literature review on failure experienced by pipelines, risers, and umbilical cables.•Causes, consequences, and severity of equipments failures.
机译： 摘要 海上油气行业的探索性边界进入了更深的水域，美国墨西哥湾的3000 m水深屏障越过了障碍在2003年的这些水深处，由于波浪，水流和风的作用，极高的外部压力，低温，长距离的束缚和高环境负荷使所使用的设备达到了运行极限。本文对行业经历的有关管道，立管和脐带电缆的故障事件进行了文献综述，描述了它们的原因，后果和严重性。从迄今报告的几种故障模式中，可以选择频率更高且值得学术界和行业关注的故障模式。关于管道，报告的主要故障模式是由于机械损坏，腐蚀，建筑缺陷，自然危害和疲劳引起的。另外，提出了关于管道-海床相互作用的已发表研究的广泛综述。对于浮动冒口，其中约有85％为挠性类型。尽管柔性立管可能会以不同的方式失效，但据报道，由于外部压力而导致的倒塌是最常见的失效模式。对于脐带电缆，主要的失效模式是在拉伸或压缩，扭转，疲劳，磨损和脱落的情况下发生的。 突出显示 •< / ce：label> 深入研究深水海上作业的安全性。 • 有关管道，立管和脐带电缆发生故障的文献综述。 • 原因，后果和严重性设备故障。

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