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Power measurement of hydrokinetic turbines with free-surface and blockage effect

机译：具有自由表面和阻塞效应的流体动力学涡轮机的功率测量

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Vertical hydrokinetic turbines in an array that extends from one side of a channel or river to the other side of it experience a fixed blockage effect as a result of the adjacent turbines and a variable free-surface effect due to water level changes above turbines. For tidal applications, the water level above turbine blades changes continuously throughout the day; for river applications, the water level changes on a seasonal basis. In this study, a vertical turbine operating in an array of turbines with one diameter lateral distance between two adjacent turbines is modeled. The model turbine is tested in a water tunnel at various water levels. Results show that the water level reduction improves the power coefficient of the turbine when the turbine is fully submerged-the power coefficient increases due to the free-surface effect, with trends in agreement with the one-dimensional actuator-disc flow theory. However, the power coefficient decreases significantly when the turbine is only partially submerged. In this particular condition, the entrained air into the water by turbine blades separates the water from the blade surface. A high-speed camera visualizes the flow separation while a transducer measures the instantaneous torque of the turbine.
机译：从通道或河流的一侧延伸到通道的另一侧的阵列中的垂直流体动力学涡轮机由于相邻涡轮机而受到固定的阻塞效应，并且由于涡轮机上方水位的变化而受到可变的自由表面效应。对于潮汐应用，涡轮叶片上方的水位全天不断变化。对于河流应用，水位会随季节变化。在本研究中，对在一组涡轮机中运行的垂直涡轮机进行了建模，两个相邻涡轮机之间有一个直径横向距离。模型涡轮机在各种水位的水隧道中进行了测试。结果表明，当涡轮完全浸没时，水位的降低会提高涡轮的功率系数-由于自由表面效应，功率系数增加，其趋势与一维促动器-盘流理论一致。然而，当涡轮仅被部分浸没时，功率系数显着降低。在这种特定条件下，涡轮叶片将夹带的空气带入水中，使水与叶片表面分离。高速摄像机可视化流分离，而换能器测量涡轮的瞬时扭矩。

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