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Modelling the physical impact of trawl components on the seabed and comparison with sea trials

机译：建模拖网组件对海床的物理影响并与海试进行比较

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摘要

Quantitative measurement of the response of benthic habitats to impact from towed fishing gears is of great importance to the ecosystem and the long-term management of sustainable fisheries. To date, most studies on the effects of trawling on the benthos have focussed on before/after, control/impact comparative studies. This research has proved important in terms of describing general trends and has identified taxa that suffer high levels of mortality, and habitat types where impact is the greatest. A limitation, however, to this comparative work is the lack of prediction-based methodology and it would be very beneficial to develop a more mechanistic approach that would allow trawling impact on the benthos to be estimated for a wider range of species and habitats. This paper is a first step in this approach and focuses on modelling the physical interaction between gear components and the seabed. In particular the penetration and disturbance to the seabed caused by (i) the roller clump of a twin trawl and (ii) a trawl door, are examined. A finite element (FE) model of the interaction of these components and the seabed is developed using the different soil models and features available within the Abaqus finite element software package. The resulting models are able to predict the penetration depth and sediment displacement associated with each gear component and the predictions are compared with the results obtained during sea trials. The sea trials were undertaken on two sediment types at depths accessible to scientific divers using SCUBA diving techniques who measured and profiled the physical alteration to the seabed following the passage of a roller clump and a trawl door. In addition, drag forces obtained from the sea trials are compared with numerical predictions of the drag related to the soil and the estimated fluid drag. Good agreement between the experimental trials and numerical simulations is found and hence this study provides the basis for investigation of the interaction of other components and sediment types.
机译：底栖生境对拖曳渔具影响的反应的定量测量对生态系统和可持续渔业的长期管理非常重要。迄今为止，大多数关于拖网对底栖生物影响的研究都集中在对照/影响比较研究之前/之后。事实证明，这项研究对于描述总体趋势非常重要，并且可以确定遭受高死亡率的生物分类以及影响最大的栖息地类型。然而，这项比较工作的局限性在于缺乏基于预测的方法，开发一种更加机械化的方法将非常有益，该方法将允许对更大范围的物种和生境估计底栖生物的拖网影响。本文是该方法的第一步，重点在于对齿轮部件与海床之间的物理相互作用进行建模。特别地，检查了由（i）双拖网的滚子丛和（ii）拖网门引起的对海底的穿透和扰动。利用Abaqus有限元软件包中可用的不同土壤模型和功能，开发了这些组件与海床相互作用的有限元（FE）模型。生成的模型能够预测与每个齿轮组件相关的穿透深度和沉积物位移，并将预测结果与海试期间获得的结果进行比较。使用SCUBA潜水技术在科学潜水员可到达的深度对两种沉积物类型进行了海试，他们测量并描绘了滚子丛和拖网门通过后海床的物理变化。另外，将从海试获得的阻力与与土壤相关的阻力的数值预测和估计的流体阻力进行比较。实验试验和数值模拟之间找到了很好的一致性，因此，本研究为研究其他组分和沉积物类型的相互作用提供了基础。

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  • 来源
    《Ocean Engineering》 |2011年第7期|p.925-933|共9页
  • 作者

    Ana Ivanovic; Richard D. Neilson; Finbarr G. ONeill;

  • 作者单位

    School of Engineering, Fraser Noble Building, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK;

    School of Engineering, Fraser Noble Building, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK;

    Marine Scotland-Science, PO Box 101, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, UK;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    trawling; modelling; sustainability; sea trials;

    机译：拖网;建模;可持续性;海上试验;

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