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Experimental and numerical wind tunnel investigation of the aerodynamics of upwind soft sails

机译：顺风风帆空气动力学实验和数值风洞研究

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摘要

The present paper reports an experimentalumerical study about the aerodynamics of sails in upwind conditions. This work is part of a wider research frame carried out in the recent years at Politecnico di Milano, involving numerical, wind tunnel and full-scale studies on the aero-hydrodynamics of sailing yachts. The experimental apparatus adopted in this work is the scaled-version of the full-scale setup adopted in the Sailing Yacht Laboratory (SYL) at the same institutions. More specifically, soft sails were tested in wind tunnel in close hauled conditions, properly equipped with thin and soft pressure strips at different sections of head and main sail. Therefore, simultaneous data about distributed pressure, aerodynamic forces and 3D flying shapes were gathered. Fine trimming were investigated during the tests to study the different effect on pressure distribution, performance and sail shapes. The measured sails geometry about the same conditions, fed the steady numerical simulations, based both on Vortex Lattice Method and Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes equations, for comparison and validation. With regard to the latter, a sensitivity analysis on the simulation parameters was also reported in comparison to experimental results. Aim of this work was to improve the state-of-the-art with an extensive set of combined measurements and computations of different nature and objectives in order to provide a holistic view on the upwind sails aerodynamics.
机译：本文报道了在顺风条件下帆的空气动力学的实验/数值研究。这项工作是近年来在米兰理工大学开展的更广泛的研究框架的一部分，该研究框架包括数值，风洞和全面研究帆船空气动力学的研究。在这项工作中采用的实验设备是在相同机构的帆船游艇实验室（SYL）中采用的全尺寸设置的比例版本。更具体地说，软风帆在风洞中的近距离航行条件下进行了测试，并在船首和主风帆的不同部分适当配备了薄而柔软的压力条。因此，收集了有关分布压力，空气动力和3D飞行形状的同步数据。在测试过程中对精修进行了研究，以研究对压力分布，性能和帆形的不同影响。基于Vortex格子法和雷诺平均Navier Stokes方程，在相同条件下测得的风帆几何形状进行了稳定的数值模拟，以进行比较和验证。关于后者，还报告了与实验结果相比对模拟参数的敏感性分析。这项工作的目的是通过将不同性质和目标的大量测量和计算组合在一起，以改进最新技术水平，以便对逆风帆的空气动力学特性有一个整体的了解。

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