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Aerodynamic interference of yachts sailing upwind on opposite tacks

机译：逆风航行的游艇的气动干扰

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摘要

When two sailing yachts pass each other on opposite tacks, the downwind (or leeward) yacht passes through the wake of its upwind (or windward) counterpart. To date there has been no study that has quantified the changes in drive force, apparent wind, or distance sailed to windward associated with these manoeuvres, although it is of interest to the development of racing yacht tactics.In this study a transient computational fluid dynamics model of yachts passing each other on opposite tacks is developed. Data is presented for a range of separation distances. For close crossing distances the drive force on the windward yacht may be reduced during the encounter, while the leeward yacht experiences a net increase in drive force. The change in drive force is primarily due to the change in the apparent wind angle induced by the other yacht. A leeward yacht changing its course to take advantage of this shift in the apparent wind can achieve a gain of 1/4 a boat-length in the distance travelled to windward.
机译：当两艘航行的游艇以相反的方向互相通过时，顺风（或背风）游艇经过其逆风（或迎风）游艇的尾流。迄今为止，尚无研究量化与这些动作相关的驱动力，视风或航行至迎风距离的变化，尽管这对赛车游艇战术的发展很感兴趣。在本研究中，瞬态计算流体动力学建立了游艇以相反的方向彼此通过的模型。给出了一系列分隔距离的数据。对于较近的穿越距离，迎风游艇上的驱动力可能会在相遇期间减小，而下风游艇的驱动力会净增加。驱动力的变化主要归因于另一艘游艇引起的视在风角的变化。顺风航行的风船通过利用视风的这种变化改变航向，可以实现向风行进的距离增加1/4船长。

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