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Planktonic ecosystems

机译：浮游生物生态系统

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Despite the important role of planktonic foraminifera in regulating the ocean carbonate production and their unrivalled value in reconstructing paleoenvironments, our knowledge on their ecology is limited. A variety of observational techniques such as plankton tows, sediment traps and experiments have contributed to our understanding of foraminifera ecology. But, fundamental questions around costs and benefits of calcification and the effect of nutrients, temperature and ecosystem structure on these organisms remain unanswered. To tackle these questions, we take a novel mechanistic approach to study planktonic foraminifera ecology based on trait theory. We develop a zero-dimensional (0-D) trait-based model to account for the biomass of prolocular (20 m) and adult (160 m) stages of non-spinose foraminifera species and investigate their potential interactions with phyto-plankton and other zooplankton under different temperature and nutrient regimes. Building on the costs and benefits of calcification, we model two ecosystem structures to explore the effect of resource competition and temperature on planktonic foraminifera biomass. By constraining the model results with ocean biomass estimations of planktonic foraminifera, we estimate that the energetic cost of calcification could be about 10 50% and 10 40% for prolocular and adult stages respectively. Our result suggest that the shell provides protection against processes other than predation (e.g. pathogen invasion). We propose that the low standing biomass of planktonic foraminifera plays a key role in their survival from predation, along with their shell protection. Our model suggests a shift from temperature as a main regulator of foraminifera biomass in the early developmental stage to resource competition for adult biomass.
机译：尽管Plankton Foraminifera在调节海洋碳酸盐产量和重建古环境中的无与伦比的价值方面，但我们对其生态学的知识有限。各种观察技术，如浮游生物，沉积物陷阱和实验促进了我们对Foraminifera生态的理解。但是，这些生物体上的成本和营养素，温度和生态系统结构的成本和益处的基本问题仍未得到答复。为了解决这些问题，我们采取了一种基于特质理论的研究浮游动物的机制方法。我们开发一种基于零维（0-D）的特征的模型，以考虑非旋转蛋白酶类别（20米）和成人（160米）阶段的非纺丝花瓶物种的生物量，并研究其与Phyto-Plankton和其他潜在的相互作用Zooplankton在不同的温度和营养制度下。建立钙化成本和益处，我们模拟了两种生态系统结构，探讨了资源竞争和温度对浮游动物的影响。通过约束模型结果与海洋生物量估计浮游动物的Foraminifera，我们分别估计钙化的能量成本分别为多外形和成人阶段的约10 50％和100％。我们的结果表明，壳牌提供了防止捕食以外的过程的保护（例如病原体入侵）。我们提出浮游动物的低位生物质在捕食中的生存中起着关键作用，以及它们的壳体保护。我们的模型表明，在早期发育阶段为成人生物量的资源竞争中，温度从温度转变为Foraminifera生物量的主要调节器。

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    《Oceanographic Literature Review》 |2019年第5期|1049-1049|共1页
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