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首页> 外文期刊>Oceanographic Literature Review >Effect of an introduced parasite in natural and anthropogenic habitats on the breeding success of the endemic little vermilion flycatcher Pyrocephalus nanus in the Galapagos
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Effect of an introduced parasite in natural and anthropogenic habitats on the breeding success of the endemic little vermilion flycatcher Pyrocephalus nanus in the Galapagos

机译：引入的寄生虫对自然和人为栖息地对加拉帕戈斯的流行小朱砂捕蝇粉纤维植物的育种成功

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摘要

In the Galapagos Islands many endemic bird species, including the emblematic Darwin's finches, show significant declines in population size. The endemic little vermilion flycatcher Pyrocephalus nanus, classified as vulnerable with high extinction risk, is strongly declining and broods regularly fail. We investigated multiple causes for breeding failure by comparing breeding success, infestation intensity by the hematophagous larvae of the introduced parasitic fly Philornis downsi, predation, parental food provisioning rate and prey attack rates as indicators of food availability at three study sites differing in anthropogenic habitat alterations: Alcedo on Isabela Island with its pristine habitat remote from human settlements, El Cura, also on Isabela Island but dominated by farmland, and Mina Roja on Santa Cruz Island, a site highly altered by introduced invasive plant species, mainly the blackberry. To test for the causal role of parasitism, we reduced the number of P. downsi larvae in half the nests at each site on Isabela Island, and used the other nests as control. When infestation intensity was experimentally reduced, both breeding success and food provisioning rates increased significantly in El Cura, but not in Alcedo, where breeding success and food provisioning rates were overall higher and infestation intensity lower than in El Cura. In the very small population of the little vermilion flycatcher in Mina Roja most nests were abandoned during the incubation phase before nests were infested by P. downsi. Mammalian predation played a minor role in brood loss at all three study sites. Our experimental study demonstrates that the recently introduced parasitic fly significantly affects breeding success of an endangered endemic bird species, and suggests that the effects are modulated by natural levels of P. downsi infestation and habitat-related rates of food provisioning. Conservation measures should include P. downsi control combined with creating and maintaining open foraging areas.
机译：在加拉帕戈斯群岛，许多地方鸟类，包括象征达尔文的雀科，表现出人口规模的显着下降。流行的小朱片捕蝇器曲霉纳米，被宣传为脆弱的风险，强烈下降，育雏经常失败。通过比较育种成功，引入的寄生苍蝇的血液幼虫的血液化幼虫，掠夺，父母食品供应率和猎物攻击率作为三项研究栖息地改变的三个研究网站的食物可用性指标，研究了多种原因：伊莎贝拉岛上的阿尔森栖息地与人类住区的原始栖息地，也是伊莎贝拉岛，而是由伊莎贝拉岛上占据在农田，而Mina Roja在Santa Cruz Island上，这是一个高度改变的侵入性植物物种，主要是黑莓。为了测试寄生派对的因果作用，我们将P. Downsi幼虫的数量减少了在伊莎贝拉岛上的每个站点的一半巢中，并将其他巢穴用作控制。当实验减少侵染强度时，EL凝乳的育种成功和食物供应率都显着增加，但在盐水中没有，其中繁殖成功和食品供应率总体较高，侵染强度低于EL凝乳。在小朱砂捕蝇器的非常小的人口中，在巢穴被P. Downsi感染之前，大多数巢穴都被遗弃。哺乳动物掠夺在所有三个研究网站的育龄损失中发挥了较小的作用。我们的实验研究表明，最近引入的寄生蝇显着影响濒危特有鸟类的繁殖成功，并提出了通过P. Downsi侵扰和栖息地相关食品栖息地相关率的自然水平调节。保护措施应包括P. Downsi Control结合创建和维护开放式觅食区。

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  • 来源
    《Oceanographic Literature Review》 |2020年第10期|2259-2259|共1页
  • 作者

    C. Leuba; S. Tebbich; E. Nemeth;

  • 作者单位

    Charles Darwin Research Station Charles Darwin Foundation Santa Cruz Galapagos Islands Ecuador;

    Charles Darwin Research Station Charles Darwin Foundation Santa Cruz Galapagos Islands Ecuador;

    Charles Darwin Research Station Charles Darwin Foundation Santa Cruz Galapagos Islands Ecuador;

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