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Public land privatisation and commodification as a field of changing social relations: The making of the Albanian Riviera

机译:公共土地私有化和商品作为改变社会关系的领域:阿尔巴尼亚里维埃拉的制作

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The paper critically explores public land privatisation and com-modification as a particularly significant field of changing social relations. It focuses on Albania's southern coast as it changed from an area of rural communities with light vacation and recreation activities and re-oriented itself towards international migration networks, intensifying coastal tourism, and the gradual making of the Albanian Riviera. By providing empirical evidence from fieldwork in the area of Himara, along with a review of the legal framework, and through the theoretical lenses of neo-liberalism and post-socialism, the paper investigates two episodes of public land privatisation and commodification: first, the de-collectivisation of cooperative agricultural land in the 1990s, and second, the long-term leasing of public land for large-scale tourism development since the mid-2000s. Analysing these two episodes sheds light on how the state provided the respective legal frameworks so as to open up differentiated land markets, and on the close relationship between the making of the Albanian Riviera, the "restitution" of private ownership, and the unmaking of common and collective social relations and significations. In turn, the paper argues that public land privatisation and commodification have destabilised and qualitatively changed social relations centred on the land which had survived from the pre-socialist and the socialist eras, by turning them into primarily commodity relations. This has also heightened multiple social tensions and conflicts, leading to a multiply-contested rural space and the rise of new social stratifications, polarisations, and inequalities in the post-socialist era.
机译:本文批判性地探讨了公共土地私有化,并为改变社会关系的特别重要领域。它侧重于阿尔巴尼亚的南部海岸,因为它从一个农村社区的一个地区改变了明亮的假期和娱乐活动,并重新定向了国际移民网络,加强了沿海旅游,以及阿尔巴尼亚里维埃拉的逐步制作。通过提供来自喜马拉地区的实地工作的经验证据,以及对法律框架的审查,并通过了新自由主义和社会主义后的理论镜头,研究了两次公共土地私有化和商品化:第一, 20世纪90年代合作农业土地的解除集团,而第二,自2000年代中期以来,公共土地的长期租赁为大规模旅游开发。分析这两一剧集揭示了国家如何提供各自的法律框架,以便开辟差异化的土地市场,并在私人所有权的“恢复”和露天的“恢复原状”之间的关系之间的密切关系。和集体社会关系和意义。反过来,该论文认为,公共土地私有化和商品化稳定而定性地改变社会关系,这些社会关系以幸存在社会主义前和社会主义时代的土地,通过将​​它们转化为主要商品关系。这也提高了多项社会紧张局势和冲突,导致繁殖的农村空间,后社会主义时代新的社会分层,极化和不平等的兴起。

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