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Photosynthetically stimulated bioerosion in symbiotic sponges: the role of glycerol and oxygen

机译：在共生海绵中的光合刺激的生物栓塞：甘油和氧气的作用

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摘要

On coral reefs, some of the most aggressive calcium carbonate eroders are dinoflagellate-hosting sponges of the genus Cliona. Like in other marine taxa, the influence of these symbiotic microorganisms on the metabolism of the host sponge, and thereby on erosion of the surrounding ecosystem, is increasingly acknowledged. Despite elevating pH (and hence carbonate saturation state), dinoflagellate photosynthesis promotes bioerosion by their hosts. This paradox might be solved by a spatial isolation of photosynthesis from carbonate dissolution, but it remains unknown which mechanism connects the dinoflagellates' photosynthesis with the sponge's bioerosion. Here, we simulate the outcomes of photosynthesis in two separate ways, namely as production of carbon-rich compounds (in this case glycerol) and as an increase in oxygen content. This allows testing their potential to enhance bioerosion rates of sponge holobionts that were preconditioned under variable photosynthetic regimes. We find that glycerol, a commonly shared photosynthate in marine symbioses, stimulates chemical bioerosion rates in the dark of photosynthetically impaired sponges. Chemical bioerosion was all the more limited by availability of sufficient oxygen, while the combination of added glycerol and oxygen boosted chemical bioerosion rates. We argue that under normal physiological conditions, bioerosion is promoted by both organic carbon and oxygen production, and we provide evidence for the storage of photosynthates for night-time use. We further discuss our findings in the context of the current knowledge of the bioerosion mechanism, which we expand by integrating the effects of carbon-rich compounds and oxygen as drivers for bioerosion by Cliona.
机译：在珊瑚礁上，一些最具侵略性的碳酸钙腐蚀剂是克利扣属的Dinoflagellate宿主海绵。就像其他海运分类群一样，这些共生微生物对宿主海绵的代谢的影响，从而越来越承认周围生态系统的侵蚀。尽管pH（并且因此碳酸酯饱和状态升高），但是堇青石光合作用促进其宿主的生物皂化。该悖论可能通过碳酸酯溶解的光合作用的空间分离来解决，但它仍然未知，该机制与海绵的生物统成达到恐龙的光合作用。在这里，我们以两种单独的方式模拟光合作用的结果，即作为生产富含碳的化合物（在这种情况下甘油）和氧含量的增加。这允许测试它们的潜力，以增强在可变光合制度下预处理的海绵梭菌的生物蜕皮率。我们发现甘油，常见的光合作用在海洋中，刺激光合作用海绵的黑暗中的化学生物酸盐率。化学生物偏离是通过足够氧的可用性的更限制，而添加的甘油和氧气增强的化学生物酸速率的组合。我们认为，在正常的生理条件下，通过有机碳和氧气生产促进了生物渗透，我们提供了纪念光合素用于夜间使用的证据。我们进一步讨论了我们在目前的生物腐蚀机制的知识的背景下讨论了我们的发现，这通过将富含碳的化合物和氧气作为Cliona生物栓塞的司机的助剂整合来扩展。

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  • 来源
    《Oceanographic Literature Review》 |2021年第7期|1525-1525|共1页
  • 作者

    M. Achlatis; R.M. van der Zande; A.E. Webb;

  • 作者单位

    Institute for Biodiversity Science & Sustainability California Academy of Sciences San Francisco CA 94118 United States;

    Institute for Biodiversity Science & Sustainability California Academy of Sciences San Francisco CA 94118 United States;

    Institute for Biodiversity Science & Sustainability California Academy of Sciences San Francisco CA 94118 United States;

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