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Buried Alive or Washed Away The Challenging Life of Mangroves in the Mekong Delta

机译：埋葬或被冲走湄公河三角洲红树林的挑战性生活

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Mangroves colonize tropical shorelines, protecting coastal communities and providing valuable ecosystem services. Mangroves associated with deltas cope with a very dynamic environment characterized by strong gradients in salinity, deposition triggered by sediment inputs, and erosion caused by waves and currents. Mangroves are adapted to this ever-changing landscape, with different species colonizing different elevations in response to inundation frequency. A series of feedbacks between hydrodynamics, sediment transport, and mangroves was observed in a fringe forest of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Sonneratia spp. rapidly encroach upon sandy areas because the stable substrate favors seedling establishment. In contrast, fewer seedlings are present in muddy locations where currents and waves frequently rework the bottom. Along muddy shorelines that are eroding, turbulence increases local scour near roots and trunks, undercutting the trees. Enhanced sediment accumulation due to delta progradation can smother the mangrove roots and lead to forest dieback. We find clear evidence that mangroves affect both hydrodynamics and sediment transport, thus engineering the landscape and enhancing sediment trapping and delta progradation. Sonneratia spp. are replaced by Aegiceras corniculatum, Avicennia marina, and Nypa fruticans when the seabed becomes high enough, indicating that ecological succession is present in a fast prograding deltaic environment. Thus, it is imperative to determine the small-scale feedbacks between mangroves, hydrodynamics, and sediment transport in order to build quantitative ecogeomorphic models of deltaic sedimentation that can be used to explain the distribution of mangrove species, the forest structure, and largescale dynamics in a tropical deltaic setting.
机译：红树林遍布热带海岸线，保护沿海社区并提供宝贵的生态系统服务。与三角洲相关的红树林可以应对非常动态的环境，其特征在于盐度的强烈梯度，沉积物输入触发的沉积以及波浪和水流引起的侵蚀。红树林适应了这个不断变化的景观，响应淹没频率，不同物种在不同的海拔高度上定居。在越南湄公河三角洲的边缘森林中观察到了流体动力学，泥沙输送和红树林之间的一系列反馈。海桑属由于稳定的基质有利于幼苗生长，因此迅速侵蚀了沙质地区。相反，在泥泞的地方，由于水流和海浪经常使底部返工，因此幼苗较少。沿着被侵蚀的泥泞海岸线，湍流增加了树根和树干附近的局部冲刷，侵蚀了树木。由于三角洲的增加而增加的沉积物积聚会窒息红树林的根部并导致森林枯死。我们发现明确的证据表明，红树林同时影响水动力和泥沙输送，从而对景观进行了工程设计并增强了泥沙捕获和三角洲的发育。海桑属当海床变得足够高时，它们被Aegiceras corniculatum，Avicennia marina和Nypa fruticans所取代，这表明在快速发展的三角洲环境中存在着生态演替。因此，有必要确定红树林，水动力和泥沙输送之间的小规模反馈，以建立三角洲沉积的定量生态地貌模型，该模型可用于解释红树林物种的分布，森林结构和大型动力学。热带三角洲。

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  • 来源
    《Oceanography》 |2017年第3期|48-59|共12页
  • 作者

    Fagherazzi Sergio; Bryan Karin R.; Nardin William;

  • 作者单位

    Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA;

    Univ Waikato, Sch Sci, Coastal Marine Grp, Hamilton, New Zealand;

    Univ Maryland, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD USA;

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