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Geochemical Proxies for Estimating Faunal Exposure to Ocean Acidification

机译：地球化学代理估计海洋酸化的动物性暴露。

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Growing concern over the impacts of modern ocean acidification (OA) and interest in historical pH excursions have intensified the development of geochemical proxies for organism exposure to acidification and other components of the carbonate system. The use of carbonate structures produced by foraminifers, coccolithophores, corals, mollusks, brachiopods, echinoderms, ostracods, and fish for paleoreconstructions is an active area of study, and the resulting proxy development offers new opportunities for studying modern faunal exposures. Here we review information from field studies and laboratory experiments on carbonate system geochemical proxies in protists and metazoa. Geochemical proxy development for foraminifers and corals is most advanced; studies of fish and echinoderms are in their infancy. The most promising geochemical proxies are those with a mechanistic link to changes in seawater carbonate chemistry, such as boron isotopes (delta B-11), B/Ca, and U/Ca ratios recorded in skeletal hard parts. We also discuss indirect geochemical proxies (other trace elements and carbonate polymorphs) along with their potential uses and limitations due to modification by physiological processes, precipitation rate, and degree of calcification. Proxy measurements in modern skeletal structures, otoliths, statoliths, and other hard parts could reveal environmental exposures of organisms from larval through adult stages, and could advance inferences about effects of OA (and other stressors) on survival, growth, population connectivity, and other ecological attributes. Use of geochemical proxies in live, field-collected organisms is an underutilized and underdeveloped approach to studying OA consequences, but it may offer a powerful, complementary approach to laboratory observations.
机译：对现代海洋酸化（OA）的影响和历史pH值变化的关注日益引起人们的关注，这加剧了生物接触酸化和碳酸盐体系其他成分的地球化学替代物的开发。由有孔虫，鳞翅目珊瑚，珊瑚，软体动物，腕足动物，棘皮动物，成骨动物和鱼类产生的碳酸盐结构用于古构造的研究是一个活跃的领域，由此产生的代用发展为研究现代动物群接触提供了新的机会。在这里，我们回顾了有关原生生物和后生动物中碳酸盐系统地球化学代理的野外研究和实验室实验的信息。有孔虫和珊瑚的地球化学替代品开发最为先进。对鱼类和棘皮动物的研究还处于婴儿期。最有前途的地球化学替代物是那些与海水碳酸盐化学变化具有机械联系的替代物，例如骨骼硬质部分中记录的硼同位素（δB-11），B / Ca和U / Ca比。我们还将讨论间接地球化学代理（其他痕量元素和碳酸盐多晶型物），以及由于生理过程，降水速率和钙化程度而引起的潜在用途和局限性。在现代骨骼结构，耳石，针石和其他坚硬部分中进行的代理测量可以揭示从幼虫到成年阶段的有机体的环境暴露，并可以推断出OA（和其他压力源）对生存，生长，种群连通性等的影响。生态属性。在活的，现场收集的生物中使用地球化学代理是研究OA结果的一种未得到充分利用和发展的方法，但它可能为实验室观察提供了一种有力的补充方法。

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  • 来源
    《Oceanography》 |2015年第2期|62-73|共12页
  • 作者

    Levin Lisa A.; Hoenisch Baerbel; Frieder Christina A.;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA;

    Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Palisades, NY USA|Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA;

    Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA;

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