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Source, Origin, and Spatial Distribution of Shallow Sediment Methane in the Chukchi Sea

机译：楚科奇海浅层甲烷的来源，成因与空间分布

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摘要

It is essential to study methane in the Arctic environment in order to understand the potential for large-scale greenhouse gas emissions that may result from melting of relict seafloor permafrost due to ocean warming. Very few data on the sources of methane in the Chukchi Sea were available prior to initiation of the Russian-American Long-term Census of the Arctic (RUSALCA) program in 2004. This article documents for the first time the spatial variation of methane concentrations in the sediment and water column in a significant region of the Pacific Arctic and the influence of methane turnover and net transport from organic-rich environments within the western Chukchi Sea. The study combines historical observations, new data obtained during the RUSALCA collaborative program, and modeling results to provide insights into the contemporary methane dynamics of the western Chukchi Sea. We compare methane evolution at two sites with distinct geological settings, depositional patterns, and methane sources: (1) the deeper, fault-bounded Herald Canyon (northern site) where methane flux is controlled by both northward CH4 transport via ocean currents and diffusive influx of thermogenic methane (formed under high-temperature conditions) from source rocks at depth in the canyon's seafloor, and (2) the shallow Chukchi shelf (southern site), where sulfate reduction and anaerobic methane oxidation play a significant role in biogenic methane production and its flux within and from the sediments into the water column. Diffusive methane fluxes at the sediment-water interface within the southern and northern sites were estimated to be 14.5 mu mol dm(-2) day(-1) and 0.7 nmol dm(-2) day(-1), respectively. In addition, we suggest that biogenic methane emanating from the organic-rich southern region is transported northward by the Anadyr Current, leading to a mix of both biogenic and thermogenic methane in Herald Canyon surface waters. Study results indicate that the South Chukchi Basin is an important source of atmospheric CH4. Further work is required to accurately quantify this flux.
机译：必须研究北极环境中的甲烷，以了解可能由于海洋变暖导致的残留海底多年冻土融化而导致大规模温室气体排放的潜力。在2004年俄罗斯-美国长期北极普查计划启动之前，楚科奇海甲烷源的数据很少。本文首次记录了甲烷浓度的空间变化。太平洋北部一个重要地区的沉积物和水柱，以及楚科奇海西部富含有机物的环境中甲烷转化和净输送的影响。这项研究结合了历史观察，在RUSALCA合作计划期间获得的新数据以及建模结果，以提供对楚科奇海西部当代甲烷动力学的见解。我们比较了具有不同地质背景，沉积模式和甲烷来源的两个地点的甲烷演化：（1）断层边界较深的先驱者峡谷（北部地点），甲烷流量受海流和扩散涌入的北向CH4传输控制。来自峡谷海底深处烃源岩的高温甲烷（在高温条件下形成），以及（2）浅楚科奇陆架（南端），硫酸盐的还原和厌氧甲烷氧化在生物甲烷的产生和产生中起着重要作用。它在沉积物中和从沉积物中进入水柱的通量。南部和北部站点内沉积物-水界面的甲烷扩散通量分别为14.5μmol dm（-2）day（-1）和0.7 nmol dm（-2）day（-1）。此外，我们建议，来自富含有机物的南部地区的生物甲烷会被Anadyr Current向北输送，从而导致先驱峡谷地表水中生物甲烷和生热甲烷的混合。研究结果表明，楚科奇盆地南部是大气CH4的重要来源。需要进一步的工作来准确地量化该通量。

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  • 来源
    《Oceanography》 |2015年第3期|202-217|共16页
  • 作者

    Matveeva Tatiana; Savvichev Alexander S.; Semenova Anastasiia; Logvina Elizaveta; Kolesnik Alexander N.; Bosin Alexander A.;

  • 作者单位

    IS Gramberg VNIIOkeangeol, Lab Unconvent Hydrocarbon Resources, St Petersburg, Russia;

    Russian Acad Sci, Winogradsky Inst Microbiol, Lab Microbiol & Biogeochem Reservoirs, Moscow, Russia;

    IS Gramberg VNIIOkeangeol, St Petersburg, Russia;

    IS Gramberg VNIIOkeangeol, St Petersburg, Russia;

    VI Ilichev Pacific Oceanol Inst, Vladivostok, Russia;

    VI Ilichev Pacific Oceanol Inst, Vladivostok, Russia;

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