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Ocean (de)oxygenation Across the last deglaciation

机译：最后一次冰消过程中的海洋（脱氧）氧化

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Anthropogenic warming is expected to drive oxygen out of the ocean as the water temperature rises and the rate of exchange between subsurface waters and the atmosphere slows due to enhanced upper ocean density stratification. Observations from recent decades are tantalizingly consistent with this prediction, though these changes remain subtle in the face of natural variability. Earth system model projections unanimously predict a long-term decrease in the global ocean oxygen inventory, but show regional discrepancies, particularly in the most oxygen-depleted waters, owing to the complex interplay between oxygen supply pathways and oxygen consumption. The geological record provides an orthogonal perspective, showing how the oceanic oxygen content varied in response to prior episodes of climate change. These past changes were much slower than the current, anthropogenic change, but can help to appraise sensitivities, and point toward potentially dominant mechanisms of change. Consistent with the model projections, marine sediments recorded an overall expansion of low-oxygen waters in the upper ocean as it warmed at the end of the last ice age. This expansion was not linearly related with temperature, though, but reached a deoxygenation extreme midway through the warming. Meanwhile, the deep ocean became better oxygenated, opposite the general expectation. These observations require that significant changes in apparent oxygen utilization occurred, suggesting that they will also be important in the future.
机译：随着水温上升，由于上层海洋密度分层增加，人为变暖有望将氧气驱逐出海洋，并且地下水与大气之间的交换速率变慢。尽管面对自然可变性，这些变化仍然微妙，但近几十年来的观察结果与这一预测非常吻合。地球系统模型预测一致预测全球海洋氧气库存量将长期减少，但由于氧气供应途径和氧气消耗之间的复杂相互作用，显示出区域差异，特别是在氧气最贫乏的水中。地质记录提供了一个正交的角度，显示了海洋氧含量如何响应先前的气候变化而变化。这些过去的变化要比当前的人为变化慢得多，但是可以帮助评估敏感性，并指出潜在的主导变化机制。与模型预测一致，海洋沉积物记录了在上一个冰河时代末期变暖时上层海洋中低氧水的总体膨胀。尽管这种膨胀与温度没有线性关系，但是在变暖的中期达到了脱氧极限。同时，与一般预期相反，深海的含氧量更高。这些观察要求表观氧气利用率发生显着变化，这表明它们在将来也很重要。

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  • 来源
    《Oceanography》 |2014年第1期|26-35|共10页
  • 作者

    SAMUEL L. JACCARD; ERIC D. GALBRAITH; THOMAS L. FROELICHER; NICOLAS GRUBER;

  • 作者单位

    Institute of Geological Sciences and Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;

    Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada;

    Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland;

    Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland;

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