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Climate Impacts on Zooplankton Population Dynamics in Coastal Marine Ecosystems

机译：气候对沿海海洋生态系统浮游动物种群动态的影响

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摘要

The 20-year US GLOBEC (Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics) program examined zooplankton populations and their predators in four coastal marine ecosystems. Program scientists learned that environmental controls on zooplankton vital rates, especially the timing and magnitude of reproduction, growth, life-cycle progression, and mortality, determine species population dynamics, seasonal and spatial distributions, and abundances. Improved knowledge of spatial-temporal abundance and distribution of individual zooplankton taxa coupled with new information linking higher trophic level predators (salmon, cod, haddock, penguins, seals) to their prey yielded mechanistic descriptions of how climate variation impacts regionally important marine resources. Coupled ecological models driven by improved regional-scale climate scenario models developed during GLOBEC enable forecasts of plausible future conditions in coastal ecosystems, and will aid and inform decision makers and communities as they assess, respond, and adapt to the effects of environmental change. Multi-region synthesis revealed that conditions in winter, before upwelling, or seasonal stratification, or ice melt (depending on region) had significant and important effects that primed the systems for greater zooplankton population abundance and productivity the following spring-summer, with effects that propagated to higher trophic levels.
机译：美国为期20年的GLOBEC（全球海洋生态系统动力学）计划研究了四个沿海海洋生态系统中的浮游动物种群及其捕食者。计划科学家了解到，对浮游动物生命率的环境控制，尤其是繁殖，生长，生命周期进程和死亡率的时间和大小，决定了物种种群动态，季节和空间分布以及丰度。对个体浮游生物类群的时空丰度和分布的了解不断增强，再加上将营养级较高的捕食者（鲑鱼，鳕鱼，黑线鳕，企鹅，海豹）与其猎物相关的新信息，对气候变化如何影响区域重要的海洋资源进行了机械描述。在GLOBEC期间开发的改进的区域尺度气候情景模型驱动的耦合生态模型可以预测沿海生态系统中可能出现的未来状况，并在评估，响应和适应环境变化的影响时为决策者和社区提供帮助和信息。多区域综合显示，冬季上升之前，季节分层或冰融化（取决于地区）之前的条件具有重大而重要的影响，这些条件使系统在第二个春夏之后为更大的浮游动物种群数量和生产力作了准备，其影响是传播到更高的营养水平。

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  • 来源
    《Oceanography》 |2013年第4期|34-51|共18页
  • 作者

    HAROLD P. BATCHELDER; KENDRA L. DALY; CABELL S. DAVIS; RUBAO Jl; MARK D. OHMAN; WILLIAM T. PETERSON; JEFFREY A. RUNGE;

  • 作者单位

    College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR,USA;

    College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, USA;

    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA;

    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA;

    Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA,USA;

    Newport Field Station, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Newport, OR, USA;

    School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Gulf of Maine Research Institute, Portland, ME, USA;

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