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Subarctic Cetaceans in the Southern Chukchi Sea

机译：楚科奇海南部的弧下鲸类

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The southern Chukchi Sea is one of the most productive areas in the world ocean. Over the past decade, there have been dramatic changes in this region in sea ice cover and in Bering Strait inflow, and it is now in the path of transpolar shipping and destinational ship traffic, including vessels supporting Arctic offshore oil and gas development and tourism, all of which are anticipated to increase with decreasing seasonal sea ice cover. Little research on cetaceans has been conducted in the southern Chukchi Sea, and most information on the occurrence of subarctic species (humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae, fin whale Balaenoptera physalus, minke whale B. acutorostrata, and killer whale Orcinus orca) comes from the ships' logs of commercial whalers in the mid to late twentieth century and from observers stationed along the Chukotka Peninsula. Information on cetacean seasonal occurrence east of the International Date Line (IDL) in US waters is particularly scarce. To address this information gap, we compiled visual sightings and acoustic detections of subarctic cetaceans in the southern Chukchi Sea during summer and early autumn from 2009 to 2012. Humpback whales were common on both sides of the IDL in August and September. Fin and minke whales were widely distributed east of the IDL from July to September, and killer whales were seen sporadically but were the most widely dispersed of the four species. Comparisons of our results with historical records indicate that the incidence of subarctic cetaceans may be increasing in the southern Chukchi Sea. An increase in occurrence may simply be a post-commercial whaling recovery of whale numbers and seasonal range by each species, or it may reflect responses to ongoing climate change. Understanding current stock identity, spatial and temporal distribution, habitat preference, relative abundance, and potential impacts of climate change on these species will require cetacean-focused research in this region of the Arctic.
机译：楚科奇海南部是世界海洋中生产力最高的地区之一。在过去的十年中，该地区的海冰覆盖和白令海峡入海量发生了巨大变化，现在正处于跨极运输和目的地船舶运输的道路上，包括支持北极近海油气开发和旅游的船舶，随着季节性海冰覆盖量的减少，所有这些都将增加。在楚科奇海南部，对鲸类的研究很少，而有关北极亚种（座头鲸Megaptera novaeangliae，大头鲸Balaenoptera physalus，小须鲸B. acutorostrata和虎鲸Orcinus orca）发生的信息最多。沿楚科奇半岛派驻观察员的商业捕鲸者在20世纪中后期的记录。在美国水域中，国际日期变更线（IDL）以东的鲸类季节性发生的信息特别少。为了解决这一信息鸿沟，我们汇总了从2009年至2012年夏季和初秋期间楚科奇海南部的北极鲸类目视目测和声学检测。在8月和9月IDL的两侧都很常见座头鲸。 7月至9月，鳍鲸和小须鲸分布在IDL以东，散发着虎鲸，但在这四个物种中散布最广泛。我们的结果与历史记录的比较表明，在楚科奇海南部，北极鲸类鲸类的发病率可能正在增加。发生的增加可能仅仅是捕鲸后商业捕鲸对每个物种的数量和季节范围的恢复，或者可能反映了对持续的气候变化的反应。要了解当前种群身份，时空分布，栖息地偏好，相对丰度以及气候变化对这些物种的潜在影响，将需要在北极这一地区以鲸类为重点的研究。

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  • 来源
    《Oceanography》 |2013年第4期|136-149|共14页
  • 作者

    JANET CLARKE; KATHLEEN STAFFORD; SUE E. MOORE; BRENDA RONE; LISANNE AERTS; JESSICA CRANCE;

  • 作者单位

    Leidos, Buckley, WA, USA;

    Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA;

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Fisheries Office of Science & Technology, Seattle,WA, USA;

    National Marine Mammal Laboratory, NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), Seattle, WA, USA;

    LAMA Ecological, Anchorage, AK, USA;

    National Marine Mammal Laboratory, NOAA/NMFS, Seattle, WA, USA;

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