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The Ross Sea in a Sea of Change

机译：变革海中的罗斯海

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The Ross Sea, the most productive region in the Antarctic, reaches farther south than any body of water in the world. While its food web is relatively intact, its oceanography, biogeochemistry, and sea ice coverage have been changing dramatically, and likely will continue to do so in the future. Sea ice cover and persistence have been increasing, in contrast to the Amundsen-Bellingshausen sector, which has resulted in reduced open water duration for its biota. Models predict that as the ozone hole recovers, ice cover will begin to diminish. Currents on the continental shelf will likely change in the coming century, with a projected intensification of flow leading to altered deep ocean ventilation. Such changes in ice and circulation will lead to altered plankton distributions and composition, but it is difficult at present to predict the nature of these changes. Iron and irradiance play central roles in regulating phytoplankton production in the Ross Sea, but the impacts of oceanographic changes on the biogeochemistry of iron are unclear. Unlike other Southern Ocean regions, where continental shelves are very narrow and Antarctic krill dominates the herbivorous fauna, the broad shelf of the Ross Sea is dominated by crystal krill and silverfish, which are the major prey items for higher trophic levels. At present, the Ross Sea is considered to be one of the most species-rich areas of the Southern Ocean and a biodiversity "hotspot" due to its heterogeneous habitats. Despite being among the best-studied regions in the entire Southern Ocean, accurate predictions of the impacts of climate change on the oceanography and ecology of the Ross Sea remain fraught with uncertainty.
机译：罗斯海是南极生产力最高的地区，比世界上任何水域都更靠南。虽然其食物网相对完好无损，但其海洋学，生物地球化学和海冰覆盖范围已经发生了巨大变化，并且将来可能会继续发生变化。与Amundsen-Bellingshausen部门相比，海冰的覆盖率和持久性一直在增加，这导致其生物群的开放水持续时间缩短。模型预测，随着臭氧洞的恢复，冰盖将开始减少。在未来的一个世纪中，大陆架上的洋流很可能会发生变化，预计流量会加剧，导致深海通风发生变化。冰和环流的这种变化将导致浮游生物的分布和组成发生变化，但是目前很难预测这些变化的性质。铁和辐照度在罗斯海的浮游植物生产中起着核心作用，但是海洋变化对铁的生物地球化学的影响尚不清楚。与其他南方海洋地区不同，大陆架非常狭窄，南极磷虾在草食性动物中占主导地位，罗斯海的广阔架子由水晶磷虾和银鱼占主导地位，而水晶磷虾和银鱼是较高营养级别的主要猎物。目前，罗斯海被认为是南部海洋物种最丰富的地区之一，并且由于栖息地的多样性而成为生物多样性的“热点”。尽管它是整个南大洋中研究最好的地区之一，但对气候变化对罗斯海海洋学和生态学影响的准确预测仍然充满不确定性。

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  • 来源
    《Oceanography》 |2012年第3期|p.90-103|共14页
  • 作者

    WALKER O. SMITH JR.; PETER N. SEDWICK; KEVIN R. ARRIGO; DAVID G. AINLEY; ALEJANDRO H. ORSI;

  • 作者单位

    Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, Gloucester PL, VA, USA;

    Department of Ocean, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA;

    Department of Environmental Earth System Science, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA;

    H.T. Harvey and Associates, San Jose, CA, USA;

    Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA;

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