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Impact of Wind-Driven Mixing in the Arctic Ocean

机译：北冰洋风驱动混合的影响

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The Arctic Ocean traditionally has been described as an ocean with low variability and weak turbulence levels. Many years of observations from ice camps and ice-based instruments have shown that the sea ice cover effectively isolates the water column from direct wind forcing and damps existing motions, resulting in relatively small upper-ocean variability and an internal wave field that is much weaker than at lower latitudes. Under the ice, direct and indirect estimates across the Arctic basins suggest that turbulent mixing does not play a significant role in the general distribution of oceanic properties and the evolution of Arctic water masses. However, during ice-free periods, the wind generates inertial motions and internal waves, and contributes to deepening of the mixed layer both on the shelves and over the deep basins—as at lower latitudes. Through their associated vertical mixing, these motions can alter the distribution of properties in the water column. With an increasing fraction of the Arctic Ocean becoming ice-free in summer and in fall, there is a crucial need for a better understanding of the impact of direct wind forcing on the Arctic Ocean.
机译：传统上，北冰洋被描述为低变异性和弱湍流水平的海洋。从冰场和冰基仪器进行的多年观测表明，海冰覆盖有效地将水柱与直接的强迫风隔离开来，并抑制了现有的运动，从而导致相对较小的上层海洋波动性和内部波场要弱得多比在低纬度地区在冰之下，对北极盆地的直接和间接估计表明，湍流混合在海洋特性的总体分布和北极水团的演变中没有发挥重要作用。但是，在无冰期，风会产生惯性运动和内部波动，并且会导致低海拔地区的架子和深海盆地上的混合层加深。通过它们相关的垂直混合，这些运动可以改变水柱中特性的分布。随着夏季和秋季越来越多的北冰洋变得无冰，迫切需要更好地了解直接风力对北冰洋的影响。

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