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The Ocean and the Global Water Cvcle

机译：海洋与全球水循环

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摘要

More than three-fourths of the global water cycle consists of the annual rainfall and evaporation freshwater exchange between the ocean and atmosphere. The water cycle is expected to intensify in a warmer climate, with shifting large-scale rainfall and drought patterns. Ocean salinity variations in recent decades provide a clear indicator of such changes and offer a key index for monitoring future climate variability related to the hydrologic cycle. In this sense, the ocean behaves like a rain gauge. This simple idea will also contribute to resolving the major discrepancies among rainfall climatologies. Addressing these problems requires a full understanding of complex upper ocean processes such as mixing and advection that balance the net freshwater flux at the surface. The global surface salinity measurement system, including both in situ instruments and satellites, along with regional upper ocean process studies, will soon be in place to advance these studies.
机译：全球水循环的四分之三以上是海洋与大气之间的年度降雨和蒸发淡水交换。随着温暖的气候，随着大范围降雨和干旱模式的转变，水循环将加剧。近几十年来海洋盐度变化提供了此类变化的明确指标，并为监测与水文循环有关的未来气候变化提供了关键指标。从这个意义上讲，海洋的行为就像雨量计。这个简单的想法还将有助于解决降雨气候之间的主要差异。解决这些问题需要对复杂的上层海洋过程有充分的了解，例如混合和对流以平衡地表净淡水通量。包括就地仪器和卫星在内的全球表面盐度测量系统，连同区域上层海洋过程研究，将很快建立起来，以推动这些研究。

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  • 来源
    《Oceanography》 |2010年第4期|p.82-93|共12页
  • 作者

    GARY LAGERLOEF; RAYMOND SCHMITT; JULIAN SCHANZE; HSUN-YING KAO;

  • 作者单位

    NASA Aquarius Mission, Earth & Space Research, Seattle, WA, USA;

    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Woods Hole, MA, USA;

    MIT/WHOI Joint Program in Physical Oceanography, WHOI, Woods Hole, MA, USA;

    Earth & Space Research, Seattle, WA, USA;

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