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EKMAN MASS AND HEAT TRANSPORT IN THE INDONESIAN SEAS

机译：印尼海域的埃克曼传热传热

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摘要

The Indonesian throughflow (ITF) is the flow of warm, relatively fresh waters into the southeast Indian Ocean from the western Pacific Ocean via the series of passages between the islands of the Indonesian archipelago and Australia (see Figure 1 in Gordon, this issue). As the world's only low-latitude interocean conduit, the ITF plays an integral role in the global thermohaline circulation and directly impacts the basin heat and freshwater budgets of both the Pacific and Indian Oceans (Bryden and Im-awaki, 2001). We presently view the ITF as a low-frequency geostrophic flow combined with a surface wind-driven current (e.g., Meyers, 1996; Potemra et al, 1997). The large-scale steric height gradient between the easterly tradewinds in the western Pacific and the reversing monsoonal winds over the southern Indonesian seas drives the ITF's variable annual cycle (Wyrtki, 1987). During the northwest monsoon from November to March, the winds are to the southeast. The resulting Ekman flow causes warm waters to accumulate in the Banda Sea (Figure la), reducing ITF transport. The flow from the Banda Sea towards the Indian Ocean is strongest during the southeast monsoon from July to September when the winds are to the northwest and more intense, and the surface waters are cooler (Figure 1b). These strong winds result in a lower sea level along the south coast of the Nusa Tenggara island chain; the ITF is thought to be enhanced by this local Ekman response.
机译：印尼通流（ITF）是温暖，相对淡水从西太平洋通过印尼群岛和澳大利亚各岛之间的一系列通道流入印度洋东南部的问题（参见本期戈登的图1）。作为世界上唯一的低纬度海底导管，ITF在全球热盐环流中起着不可或缺的作用，直接影响着太平洋和印度洋的盆地热量和淡水预算（Bryden和Im-awaki，2001）。我们目前将ITF视为低频地转流与地表风驱动电流的结合（例如Meyers，1996; Potemra et al，1997）。西太平洋东风和印度尼西亚南部海域季风逆风之间的大规模空间高度梯度驱动了ITF的可变年周期（Wyrtki，1987）。在11月至3月的西北季风期间，风向东南。由此产生的埃克曼流导致温暖的水在班达海中积聚（图1a），从而减少了ITF的运输。从班达海流向印度洋的流量在7月至9月的东南季风期间最强，此时风向西北且强度更大，地表水也更凉爽（图1b）。这些强风导致努沙登加拉岛链南海岸的海平面降低；人们认为，这种当地的埃克曼反应将增强ITF。

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