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Climate and Atmospheric Science at Scripps: The Legacy of Jerome Namias

机译：斯克里普斯的气候与大气科学：杰罗姆·纳米亚斯的遗产

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摘要

Jerome Namias (1910-1997) pioneered the art and science of long-range weather forecasting. He also set off the modern era of research in climate and atmospheric science at Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Largely self-taught, Namias developed an exceptional physical intuition for the intricate interplay between atmosphere and ocean. In an era when the skill of weather forecasts was limited to two or three days, Namias advocated the heretical notion that climate, the sum total of weather, might be predictable for weeks, months, or even longer. He was among the first to realize that planetary-scale air-sea interactions strongly influence climate variability and thereby make certain, specialized types of predictions possible far beyond the time horizon of ordinary weather forecasts. Namias's greatest strength as a scientist was his ability to develop profound insights by analyzing enormous amounts of observational data. His data included measurements of conventional meteorological variables such as winds, air temperatures, and atmospheric pressures, as well as measurements of oceanographic parameters, especially sea-surface temperatures. Throughout most of his long career, Namias's office walls were covered with maps and charts of these data, covering huge areas, typically much of the Northern Hemisphere. From this empirical material, Namias was able to infer mechanistic interconnections between air and sea, between phenomena in one part of the world and those in another, and between the evolution of these fields in the recent past and their probable course in the future (Figure 1).
机译：杰罗姆·纳米亚斯（Jerome Namias，1910-1997年）开创了远程天气预报的艺术和科学领域。他还掀起了斯克里普斯海洋学研究所气候与大气科学研究的现代纪元。 Namias主要是自学成才，为大气与海洋之间的错综复杂的互动开发了出色的身体直觉。在一个天气预报技能仅限于两到三天的时代，纳米亚斯提出了一个异想天开的观念，即气候，即天气的总和，可以预测数周，数月甚至更长的时间。他是最早认识到行星尺度的海-气相互作用会强烈影响气候变异性的人之一，从而使某些特定类型的预测成为可能，远远超出了普通天气预报的时间范围。 Namias作为科学家的最大优势在于他通过分析大量观测数据来发展深刻见解的能力。他的数据包括对常规气象变量（例如风，气温和大气压）的测量，以及海洋学参数（尤其是海表温度）的测量。在整个漫长的职业生涯中，纳米比亚的办公室墙壁上覆盖着这些数据的地图和图表，覆盖了广阔的区域，通常是北半球的大部分地区。通过这种经验材料，纳米亚斯能够推断出海洋与海洋之间，世界某一地区的现象之间以及另一地区的现象之间以及这些领域在最近的演变与未来的可能发展之间的机械联系（图1）。

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  • 来源
    《Oceanography》 |2003年第3期|p.93-97|共5页
  • 作者

    Richard C.J. Somerville;

  • 作者单位

    Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California · San Diego, California USA;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 海洋学;
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