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Southern Ocean Warming

机译：南部海洋变暖

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摘要

The Southern Ocean plays a fundamental role in global climate. With no continental barriers, it distributes climate signals among the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans through its fast-flowing, energetic, and deep-reaching dominant current, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. The unusual dynamics of this current, in conjunction with energetic atmospheric and ice conditions, make the Southern Ocean a key region for connecting the surface ocean with the world ocean's deep seas. Recent examinations of global ocean temperature show that the Southern Ocean plays a major role in global ocean heat uptake and storage. Since 2006, an estimated 60%-90% of global ocean heat content change associated with global warming is based in the Southern Ocean. But the warming of its water masses is inhomogeneous. While the upper 1,000 m of the Southern Ocean within and north of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current are warming rapidly, at a rate of 0.1 degrees-0.2 degrees C per decade, the surface subpolar seas south of this region are not warming or are slightly cooling. However, subpolar abyssal waters are warming at a substantial rate of similar to 0.05 degrees C per decade due to the formation of bottom waters on the Antarctic continental shelves. Although the processes at play in this warming and their regional distribution are beginning to become clear, the specific mechanisms associated with wind change, eddy activity, and ocean-ice interaction remain areas of active research, and substantial challenges persist to representing them accurately in climate models.
机译：南大洋在全球气候中扮演着重要角色。它没有大陆性障碍，通过其快速流动，充满活力且影响深远的南极极地洋流在太平洋，大西洋和印度洋之间分配气候信号。这种潮流的异常动态，加上活跃的大气和冰层条件，使南大洋成为连接表层海洋与世界大洋深海的关键地区。最近对全球海洋温度的检查表明，南大洋在全球海洋热量吸收和存储中起着重要作用。自2006年以来，与全球变暖有关的全球海洋热含量变化中，估计有60％-90％位于南部海洋。但是其水团的变暖是不均匀的。在南极绕极洋流以内和以北的南洋上层1,000 m处以每十年每度0.1度至0.2摄氏度的速度迅速变暖时，该地区以南的地表亚极海并未变暖或略有冷却。然而，由于南极大陆架底部水的形成，亚极深渊水以大约每十年0.05摄氏度的速率升温。尽管在这种变暖过程中起作用的过程及其区域分布开始变得清晰，但是与风变，涡流活动和海冰相互作用相关的具体机制仍然是积极研究的领域，并且仍然存在巨大挑战，难以在气候中准确地代表它们楷模。

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  • 来源
    《Oceanography》 |2018年第2期|52-62|共11页
  • 作者

    Sallee Jean-Baptiste;

  • 作者单位

    Sorbonne Univ, CNRS, LOCEAN, Paris, France;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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