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Variability in MAKASSAR STRAIT HEAT FLUX and Its Effect on the Eastern Tropical Indian Ocean

机译：MAKASSAR海峡热通量的变化及其对热带印度洋东部的影响

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摘要

The heat flux anomaly (HFa) within Makassar Strait, Indonesia, is investigated using observed velocity time series and El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-scaled temperature profiles. Direct measurements of velocity from 40 m to 740 m depth were recorded during 2004-2011 and 2013-2017 during the International Nusantara STratification ANd Transport (INSTANT) and Monitoring Indonesian Throughflow (MITF) programs. The velocity profile is thermocline-intensified, with a velocity maximum near 100 m depth. In situ temperature measurements during 2004-2006 and ship-based CTD profiles collected during these two monitoring campaigns were combined with all available World Ocean Database CTD, ocean station, mechanical bathythermograph, and expendable bathythermograph data collected within Makassar Strait since 1950 to create representative temperature profiles for positive, negative, and neutral phases of ENSO. The Makassar velocity profile displays a stronger (weaker), shallower (deeper) velocity maximum, and a deeper (shallower) thermocline during La Nina (El Nino). Southward Makassar HFa increases rapidly from 2006 to 2008, with a peak of 0.13 PW in 2008 and 2009. Afterward, Makassar HFa slowly decreases to a minimum of -0.25 PW (less southward) during 2015, after which southward heat flux begins to climb again. Variability in depth-integrated volume transport from the surface to 740 m depth explains 57% of HFa variance. However, the total volume transport does not reflect the relative contributions of the warm upper and cool lower layers. Changes in the depth-dependent velocity profile explain 72% of HFa variance, whereas temperature profile variability explains only 28%. The impact of Makassar HFa variability on the Indian Ocean is assessed through comparison with the heat content anomaly (HCa) in an eastern tropical Indian Ocean box (ETIO; 101.5 degrees E-105.5 degrees E, and 9.5 degrees S-15.5 degrees S) using gridded Argo data. The ETIO HCa follows a similar pattern (R = 0.83) when lagged 30 months behind the Makassar HFa. Although well correlated, a notable discrepancy between the two time series is present in the ETIO in 2012/2013, possibly owing to a shift of the ITF from the dominant South Equatorial Current pathway to a southward Leeuwin track.
机译：使用观察到的速度时间序列和厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（ENSO）标定的温度曲线，研究了印度尼西亚望加锡海峡内的热通量异常（HFa）。在2004-2011年和2013-2017年期间，在国际Nusantara分层和运输（INSTANT）和监测印度尼西亚流量（MITF）计划期间，记录了从40 m至740 m深度的速度的直接测量值。速度曲线是温跃层增强的，最大速度接近100 m深度。自1950年以来在望加锡海峡收集的2004-2006年现场温度测量值和在这两次监测活动中收集的基于舰船的CTD剖面图与所有可用的世界海洋数据库CTD，海洋站，机械水温计和消耗性水温计数据相结合ENSO正，负和中性阶段的分布图。在拉尼娜（El Nino）期间，望加锡速度剖面显示出更强（较弱），更浅（较深）的速度最大值和更深（较浅）的跃线。向南的望加锡HFa从2006年到2008年迅速增加，在2008年和2009年达到峰值0.13 PW。此后，望加锡HFa在2015年期间缓慢降低至最小-0.25 PW（向南偏少），此后，向南的热通量又开始上升。从表面到740 m深度的深度积分体积传输的变化解释了HFa变化的57％。但是，总的体积输运不能反映出温暖的上层和凉爽的下层的相对贡献。深度相关速度曲线的变化解释了HFa变化的72％，而温度曲线的变化仅解释了28％。孟加斯HFa变异性对印度洋的影响是通过与东部热带印度洋箱体（ETIO; 101.5 E-105.5°E和9.5 S-15.5°S）中的热量含量异常（HCa）进行比较来评估的网格Argo数据。当落后于望加锡HFa 30个月时，ETIO HCa遵循类似的模式（R = 0.83）。尽管相关性很好，但2012/2013年ETIO中两个时间序列之间存在显着差异，这可能是由于ITF从占主导地位的南赤道洋流向南面的吕温轨道转移所致。

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  • 来源
    《Oceanography》 |2018年第2期|80-87|共8页
  • 作者

    Gruenburg Laura K.; Gordon Arnold L.;

  • 作者单位

    Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA;

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