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首页> 外文期刊>Oceanography >SLOW VOLCANOES: The Intriguing Similarities Between Marine Asphalt and Basalt Lavas
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SLOW VOLCANOES: The Intriguing Similarities Between Marine Asphalt and Basalt Lavas

机译：慢火山：海洋沥青和玄武岩拉瓦斯之间有趣的相似之处

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In 2003, the Chapopote asphalt flow was discovered in the southern Gulf of Mexico at a depth of 2,900 m. Subsequent exploration has expanded the known extent of asphalt volcanism across abyssal depths in much of this region. Aspects of asphalt flow morphology are analogous to ropy pahoehoe flows known from eruptions of basaltic lava on land, but the timing and formation sequence of asphalt flows has been difficult to infer because limited visibility in the deep ocean makes it challenging to image large areas of the seafloor. Combining data from autonomous under-water vehicle mapping and remotely operated vehicle navigation with powerful optical mosaicking techniques, we assembled georeferenced images of the Chapopote asphalt flows. The largest image captured an area of 3,300 m(2) with over 15 billion pixels and resolved objects at centimeter scale. Augmenting this optical resolution with microbathymetry led to the recognition that very large asphalt pavements exhibiting highly varied morphologies and weathering states comprised a series of at least three separate flow units, one on top of another. The Chapopote asphalt volcano likely erupts during phases of intensified activity separated by periods of reduced activity. After extrusion, chemical and physical changes in the asphalt generate increasing viscosity gradients both along the flow path and between the flow's surface and core. This allows the asphalt to form pahoehoe lava-like shapes and to support dense chemosynthetic communities over timescales of hundreds of years.
机译：2003年，在墨西哥湾南部2900 m处发现了Chapopote沥青流。随后的勘探使该地区许多地方的深层沥青火山活动范围扩大了。沥青流的形态学方面类似于陆上玄武岩熔岩喷发而引起的露粉pahoehoe流，但是由于深海中能见度有限，很难对大面积的海面成像，因此很难推测沥青流的时间和形成顺序。海底。我们结合了自动水下车辆测绘和远程车辆导航的数据以及强大的光学镶嵌技术，组装了Chapopote沥青流的地理参考图像。最大的图像捕获了3300 m（2）的区域，超过150亿像素，并以厘米为单位解析了对象。通过微测深技术提高了光学分辨率，这导致人们认识到，表现出高度变化的形态和风化状态的超大型沥青路面包含一系列至少三个独立的流动单元，一个在另一个之上。 Chapopote沥青火山可能会在活动减弱和活动减弱的阶段爆发。挤出后，沥青中的化学和物理变化会沿流动路径以及在流动的表面和岩心之间产生增加的粘度梯度。这可以使沥青形成数百年的熔岩状形状，并支持密集的化学合成群落。

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