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Categorizing and Naming MARINE HEATWAVES

机译：海洋热浪的分类和命名

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Considerable attention has been directed at understanding the consequences and impacts of long-term anthropogenic climate change. Discrete, climatically extreme events such as cyclones, floods, and heatwaves can also significantly affect regional environments and species, including humans. Climate change is expected to intensify these events and thus exacerbate their effects. Climatic extremes also occur in the ocean, and recent decades have seen many high-impact marine heatwaves (MHWs)-anomalously warm water events that may last many months and extend over thousands of square kilometers. A range of biological, economic, and political impacts have been associated with the more intense MHWs, and measuring the severity of these phenomena is becoming more important. Progress in understanding and public awareness will be facilitated by consistent description of these events. Here, we propose a detailed categorization scheme for MHWs that builds on a recently published classification, combining elements from schemes that describe atmospheric heatwaves and hurricanes. Category I, II, III, and IV MHWs are defined based on the degree to which temperatures exceed the local climatology and illustrated for 10 MHWs. While there is a long-term increase in the occurrence frequency of all MHW categories, the largest trend is a 24% increase in the area of the ocean where strong (Category II) MHWs occur. Use of this scheme can help explain why biological impacts associated with different MHWs can vary widely and provides a consistent way to compare events. We also propose a simple naming convention based on geography and year that would further enhance scientific and public awareness of these marine events.
机译：人们已将相当大的注意力放在了解长期人为气候变化的后果和影响上。诸如气候，飓风，洪水和热浪之类的离散，极端气候事件也可能严重影响区域环境和物种，包括人类。预期气候变化将加剧这些事件，从而加剧其影响。海洋中也出现了极端气候事件，近几十年来，出现了许多高影响力的海洋热浪（MHW）-异常温暖的水事件，可能持续数月之久，延伸超过数千平方公里。越来越多的MHW造成了一系列的生物学，经济和政治影响，而衡量这些现象的严重性变得越来越重要。对这些事件的一致描述将有助于理解和公众意识的进步。在这里，我们基于最近发布的分类提出了针对MHW的详细分类方案，该方案结合了描述大气热浪和飓风的方案中的要素。根据温度超过当地气候的程度来定义I，II，III和IV类MWW，并针对10 MWW进行了说明。尽管所有MHW类别的发生频率都有长期增加的趋势，但最大的趋势是发生强烈的（第II类）MHW的海洋区域增加了24％。使用此方案可以帮助解释为什么与不同的MHW相关的生物学影响会发生很大变化，并提供了一种比较事件的一致方法。我们还提出了一个基于地理和年份的简单命名约定，该约定将进一步增强科学和公众对这些海洋事件的认识。

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  • 来源
    《Oceanography》 |2018年第2期|162-173|共12页
  • 作者

    Hobday Alistair J.; Oliver Eric C. J.; Sen Gupta Alex; Benthuysen Jessica A.; Burrows Michael T.; Donat Markus G.; Holbrook Neil J.; Moore Pippa J.; Thomsen Mads S.; Wernberg Thomas; Smale Dan A.;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Tasmania, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Extremes, Hobart, Tas, Australia;

    Aberystwyth Univ, Inst Biol Environm & Rural Sci, Aberystwyth, Dyfed, Wales;

    Australian Inst Marine Sci, Townsville, Qld, Australia;

    Univ Tasmania, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Hobart, Tas, Australia;

    CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, Tas, Australia;

    Scottish Marine Inst, Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Oban, Argyll, Scotland;

    Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Hobart, Tas, Australia;

    Marine Biol Assoc UK, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, Devon, England;

    Sch Biol Sci, Crawley, WA, Australia;

    Univ New South Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Extremes, Sydney, NSW, Australia;

    Univ New South Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia;

    Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS, Canada;

    UWA, Oceans Inst, Crawley, WA, Australia;

    UWA Oceans Inst, Crawley, WA, Australia;

    Univ Canterbury, Sch Biol Sci, Christchurch, New Zealand;

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