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PROCESSES GOVERNING GIANT SUBDUCTION EARTHQUAKES

机译:治理巨型塌陷地震的过程

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摘要

Scientific ocean drilling from 2007 through 2018 has played a major role in an ongoing revolution in the understanding of plate boundary fault zone mechanics, structure, and associated megathrust earthquake processes and the tsunamis they create. Major efforts at the Nankai, Costa Rica, Sumatra, and Japan Trench subduction zones that have employed both the riser Japanese drillship Chikyu and the riserless US drillship JOIDES Resolution have sampled main plate boundary faults (decollements), associated splay faults, and incoming plate sediments and basement rocks that develop into the fault system. Research on these rocks and in the boreholes shows that great earthquake ruptures not only can slip all the way to the tip of the megathrust at the seafloor in some events but may well do so typically. One location on a plate boundary fault can apparently also exhibit a range of behaviors over the course of a seismic cycle, from slow slip and tremor to rapid coseismic slip, depending on state of stress, pore pressure, and acceleration interacting with intrinsic lithologic properties. Scientific ocean drilling has provided data and samples for laboratory tests of frictional mechanics, for numerical modeling of fault processes, and for testing new hypotheses on megathrust fault processes, thus playing a central role in the modern pursuit of the grand challenge of understanding how faults that are capable of generating giant subduction earthquakes work.
机译:从2007年到2018年的科学海洋钻探在理解板块边界断层带的力学,结构以及相关的大推力地震过程及其造成的海啸方面正在进行着一场革命。在南开,哥斯达黎加,苏门答腊和日本海沟俯冲带进行的主要工作中,同时使用了立管日本钻探船Chikyu和无立管美国钻探船JOIDES Resolution,对主要板块边界断层(断屑),相关的张开断层和进入的板块沉积物进行了采样。和地下岩石发展成断层系统。对这些岩石和井眼的研究表明,巨大的地震破裂不仅可以在某些情况下一直滑到海底巨型推力的尖端,而且通常很可能会发生。显然,在板岩边界断层上的一个位置在地震周期的整个过程中也会表现出一系列的行为,从缓慢的滑动和震颤到快速的同震滑动,这取决于应力,孔隙压力和与固有岩性相互作用的状态。科学的海洋钻探提供了数据和样本,用于摩擦力学的实验室测试,故障过程的数值模拟以及关于超大推力断层过程的新假设的测试,从而在现代追求理解故障如何产生的巨大挑战中发挥了核心作用有能力产生巨大的俯冲地震工作。

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  • 来源
    《Oceanography》 |2019年第1期|80-94|共15页
  • 作者单位

    Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA;

    Tokyo Univ Marine Sci & Technol, Tokyo, Japan;

    Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan;

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