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RISER DRILLING Access to Deep Subseafloor Science

机译：钻进深海海底科学

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摘要

Riser-based drilling became available to scientists for the first time when the Japanese drilling vessel (D/V) Chikyu began operations in 2005. The introduction of a vessel that could take advantage of riser drilling technology was a key advancement as scientific ocean drilling transitioned from the Ocean Drilling Program to the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program. Because riser drilling enables control of downhole pressure, Chikyu opened a new frontier for scientists, allowing for deeper drilling and sampling of the subseafloor to at least 7 km depths. Riserless drilling uses seawater as drilling fluid, and technical difficulties may arise when the borehole becomes unstable. In contrast, riser drilling uses riser pipes that connect the ship to the wellhead at the seafloor (Figure 1). Circulation of weighted drill mud through the riser pipe stabilizes the borehole during deep drilling operations, allowing continuous sampling and data collection, including from cuttings, mud gas, and downhole logging. These samples and data allow characterization of in situ physical properties (e.g., stress, fluid pressure) and gas and fluid chemistry. Riser drilling operations in the Nankai Trough and off Shimokita Peninsula in Japan demonstrate the value of this technology to achieving new understanding of the processes occurring deep in seismogenic zones.
机译：当日本钻探船（D / V）Chikyu于2005年开始运营时，科学家首次可以使用基于立管的钻探。随着科学海洋钻探的发展，引入利用立管钻探技术的船只是一项重要的进步。从“海洋钻探计划”到“综合海洋钻探计划”。由于立管钻井能够控制井下压力，因此Chikyu为科学家打开了一个新的领域，允许更深的海底钻探和采样到至少7 km的深度。无立管钻井使用海水作为钻井液，当井眼变得不稳定时，可能会出现技术难题。相反，立管钻井使用立管将船舶连接至海底井口（图1）。加重的钻探泥浆通过立管的循环可在深部钻探作业中稳定井眼，从而可以进行连续的采样和数据收集，包括来自钻屑，泥浆气和井下测井的数据。这些样品和数据允许表征原位物理性质（例如应力，流体压力）以及气体和流体化学性质。在日本南海槽和下冲田半岛对开的竖井钻探作业中，证明了这项技术的价值，可以使人们对震源区深部发生的过程有新的认识。

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  • 来源
    《Oceanography》 |2019年第1期|95-97|共3页
  • 作者

    Yamada Yasuhiro; Dugan Brandon; Hirose Takehiro; Saito Saneatsu;

  • 作者单位

    Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol JAMSTEC, R&D Ctr Ocean Drilling Sci, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan;

    Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geophys, Petrophys & Borehole Geophys, Golden, CO 80401 USA;

    JAMSTEC, Kochi Inst Core Sample Res, Kochi, Japan;

    JAMSTEC, R&D Ctr Ocean Drilling Sci, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan;

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