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Sea Caves of the Channel Islands

机译：海峡峡湾群岛

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Exploration of sea caves off the Channel Islands of southern California continued in 2019 with three expeditions: one conducted aboard E/V Nautilus and two aboard the diver support boat M/V Peace.In previous years, we used the multibeam sonar on Nautilus, the University of New Hampshire's Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping's ASV BEN, and ROVs Argus and Hercules, as well as a team of divers to locate sea caves in the continental borderland of southern California (Ballard et al., 2018,2019).These efforts focused around Santa Cruz Island, Santa Barbara Island, Pilgrim Bank, and Osborn Bank, where several caves were created over a period of 22,000 years as sea level rose 120 m after the Last Glacial Maximum. During that period, sea level rise halted six times, with each "still stand" lasting 1,000 to 3,000 years (see Figure 2 in Ballard et al., 2018). During these still stands, winter storms carved caves along the high-energy shorelines typical of the Channel Islands. Rising seas subsequently destroyed or buried many of those caves, except (in our observations) those in faulted igneous terrain, where wave action removed fractured rock to form a cave maintained within the host rock. Sea caves were only found along these six paleo-shorelines and not at other depths, which were also extensively investigated (Ballard et al., 2018,2019).
机译：2019年南加州南加州峡湾探索海峡峡湾持续三次探险：一名探索E / v Nautilus和潜水员支援船M / V和平的两次进行。在过去的几年里，我们在新罕布什尔州大学沿海和海洋映射的ASV Ben大学和Rovs Argus和Hercules中使用了Nautilus上的Multibeam Sonar，以及一支潜水员，在南加州南部的大陆边境地区找到海洞（巴拉德等人，2018,2019）。这些努力集中在圣克鲁斯岛，圣巴巴拉岛，朝圣者银行和奥斯博克银行，其中几个洞穴在22,000年内创造了一段时间，因为海平面在最后一个月上升了120米冰川最大值。在此期间，海平面上升六次停止，每次“仍然”持续1,000至3,000年（在巴拉德等人见图2，2018）。在这些仍然存在期间，冬季风暴沿着渠道岛的典型高能量海岸线雕刻洞穴。升起的海洋随后被摧毁或埋葬了许多那些洞穴，除了（在我们的观察中）中的错误是火灾地形中的那些，其中波浪动作除去裂缝岩石，形成一个保持在主体岩石内的洞穴。 Sea Caves仅沿着这六个古海岸线发现，而不是其他深度，这也是广泛的调查（巴拉德等，2018,2019）。

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