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首页> 外文期刊>Oceanography >OFFSHORE WIND FARM ARTIFICIAL REEFS AFFECT ECOSYSTEM STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONING: A Synthesis
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OFFSHORE WIND FARM ARTIFICIAL REEFS AFFECT ECOSYSTEM STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONING: A Synthesis

机译：海上风电场人工珊瑚礁影响生态系统结构和功能：合成

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摘要

Offshore wind farms (OWFs) are proliferating globally. The submerged parts of their structures act as artificial reefs, providing new habitats and likely affecting fisheries resources. While acknowledging that the footprints of these structures may result in loss of habitat, usually soft sediment, we focus on how the artificial reefs established by OWFs affect ecosystem structure and functioning. Structurally, the ecological response begins with high diversity and biomass in the flora and fauna that gradually colonize the complex hard substrate habitat. The species may include nonindigenous ones that are extending their spatial distributions and/or strengthening populations, locally rare species (e.g., hard substrate-associated fish), and habitat-forming species that further increase habitat complexity. Functionally, the response begins with dominant suspension feeders that filter organic matter from the water column. Their fecal deposits alter the surrounding seafloor communities by locally increasing food availability, and higher trophic levels (fish, birds, marine mammals) also profit from locally increased food availability and/or shelter. The structural and functional effects extend in space and time, impacting species differently throughout their life cycles. Effects must be assessed at those larger spatiotemporal scales.
机译：海上风电场（OWFS）在全球范围内加剧。其结构的淹没部分充当人工珊瑚礁，提供新的栖息地，并可能影响渔业资源。承认这些结构的足迹可能导致栖息地损失，通常是软沉积物，我们专注于OWFS建立的人造珊瑚礁如何影响生态系统结构和运作。在结构上，生态反应在植物和动物群中的高多样性和生物量开始，逐渐殖民化复杂的硬质衬底栖息地。该物种可包括延伸其空间分布和/或强化群体，局部稀有物种（例如，硬质底物相关的鱼类）和栖息地形成物种，进一步提高栖息地复杂性的栖息地的群体。在功能上，响应开始于从水柱中滤过有机物质的主要悬浮料器开始。他们的粪便存款通过局部增加食物可用性，更高的营养水平（鱼，鸟类，海洋哺乳动物）来改变周围的海底社区，也从局部增加的食品可用性和/或庇护所利润。结构和功能效果在空间和时间延伸，在整个生命周期中不同地影响物种。必须在那些较大的时空鳞片上评估效果。

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  • 来源
    《Oceanography》 |2020年第4期|48-57|共10页
  • 作者

    Degraer Steven; Carey Drew A.; Coolen Joop W. P.; Hutchison Zoe L.; Kerckhof Francis; Rumes Bob; Vanaverbeke Jan;

  • 作者单位

    Royal Belgian Inst Nat Sci Operat Directorate Nat Environm Marine Ecol & Man Brussels Belgium;

    INSPIRE Environm Newport RI USA;

    Wageningen Marine Res Den Helder Netherlands|Wageningen Univ Aquat Ecol & Water Qual Management Wageningen Netherlands;

    Univ Rhode Isl Grad Sch Oceanog South Kingstown RI USA;

    Royal Belgian Inst Nat Sci Operat Directorate Nat Environm Marine Ecol & Man Brussels Belgium;

    Royal Belgian Inst Nat Sci Operat Directorate Nat Environm Marine Ecol & Man Brussels Belgium;

    Royal Belgian Inst Nat Sci Operat Directorate Nat Environm Marine Ecol & Man Brussels Belgium;

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