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首页> 外文期刊>Oecologia >Mesoherbivores reduce net growth and induce chemical resistance in natural seaweed populations
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Mesoherbivores reduce net growth and induce chemical resistance in natural seaweed populations

机译：中生草食动物减少天然海藻种群的净生长并诱导其化学抗性

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摘要

Herbivory on marine macroalgae (seaweeds) in temperate areas is often dominated by relatively small gastropods and crustaceans (mesoherbivores). The effects of these herbivores on the performance of adult seaweeds have so far been almost exclusively investigated under artificial laboratory conditions. Furthermore, several recent laboratory studies with mesoherbivores indicate that inducible chemical resistance may be as common in seaweeds as in vascular plants. However, in order to further explore and test the possible ecological significance of induced chemical resistance in temperate seaweeds, data are needed that address this issue in natural populations. We investigated the effect of grazing by littorinid herbivorous snails (Littorina spp.) on the individual net growth of the brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum in natural field populations. Furthermore, the capacity for induced resistance in the seaweeds was assessed by removing herbivores and assaying for relaxation of defences. We found that ambient densities of gastropod herbivores significantly reduced net growth by 45% in natural field populations of A. nodosum. Seaweeds previously exposed to grazing in the field were less consumed by gastropod herbivores in feeding bioassays. Furthermore, the concentration of phlorotannins (polyphenolics), which have been shown to deter gastropod herbivores, was higher in the seaweeds that were exposed to gastropod herbivores in the field. This field study corroborates earlier laboratory experiments and demonstrates that it is important to make sure that the lack of experimental field data on marine mesoherbivory does not lead to rash conclusions about the lack of significant effects of these herbivores on seaweed performance. The results strongly suggest that gastropods exert a significant selection pressure on the evolution of defensive traits in the seaweeds, and that brown seaweeds can respond to attacks by natural densities of these herbivores through increased chemical resistance to further grazing.
机译：温带地区海洋大型藻类（海藻）上的食草动物通常以相对较小的腹足纲动物和甲壳类动物（中食杂食动物）为主。迄今为止，几乎仅在人工实验室条件下研究了这些草食动物对成年海藻性能的影响。此外，最近对中除草食动物的一些实验室研究表明，在海藻中，可诱导的化学抗性可能与维管植物一样普遍。但是，为了进一步探索和测试在温带海藻中诱导的化学抗性的可能的生态意义，需要在自然种群中解决这一问题的数据。我们调查了在自然田地种群中，以褐飞虱为食的蜗牛（Littorina spp。）放牧对褐紫菜Nocosum个体净生长的影响。此外，通过去除草食动物并测定防御松弛来评估海藻中诱导抗性的能力。我们发现腹足纲草食动物的环境密度显着降低了结节曲霉自然田间种群的净增长45％。腹足类草食动物在进食生物测定中消耗较少的以前在田间放牧的海藻。此外，已证明能阻止腹足动物食草动物的邻苯二酚（多酚类）浓度在田间暴露于腹足动物食草动物的海藻中较高。这项现场研究证实了较早的实验室实验，并证明了重要的一点是，要确保缺乏有关海洋中草食性的实验田野数据，不会得出关于这些食草动物对海藻性能缺乏显着影响的轻率结论。结果强烈表明腹足动物对海藻防御性状的进化施加了巨大的选择压力，而棕色海藻可以通过增加对进一步放牧的化学抵抗力来应对这些草食动物天然密度的侵袭。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Oecologia》 |2007年第2期|245-255|共11页
  • 作者

    Gunilla B. Toth; Malin Karlsson; Henrik Pavia;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Marine Ecology Tjärnö Marine Biological Laboratory Göteborg University Strömstad 452 96 Sweden;

    Department of Marine Ecology Tjärnö Marine Biological Laboratory Göteborg University Strömstad 452 96 Sweden;

    Department of Marine Ecology Tjärnö Marine Biological Laboratory Göteborg University Strömstad 452 96 Sweden;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Ascophyllum; Gastropod; Littorina; Nutrients; Phlorotannins;

    机译：菊糖;天麻;立陶宛;营养素;绿单宁;

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