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首页> 外文期刊>Oecologia >Untangling the roles of fire, grazing and rainfall on small mammal communities in grassland ecosystems
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Untangling the roles of fire, grazing and rainfall on small mammal communities in grassland ecosystems

机译：弄清火灾，放牧和降雨对草原生态系统中小型哺乳动物群落的作用

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摘要

In grassland systems across the globe, ecologists have been attempting to understand the complex role of fire, grazing and rainfall in creating habitat heterogeneity and the consequences of anthropogenic control of these factors on ecosystem integrity and functioning. Using a South African grassland ecosystem as a model, we investigated the impact of fire and grazing pressure on small mammal communities during three differing periods of a rainfall cycle. Over 2 years, 15,203 trap nights revealed 1598 captures of 11 species (nine rodents, one macroscelid and one insectivore). Results highlighted the importance of the interplay between factors and showed that the role of fire, grazing and rainfall in determining small mammal abundance was species-dependant. While no two species were affected by the same environmental variables, grass cover or height was important to 56% of species. Considered independently, high rainfall had a positive influence on small mammal abundance and diversity, although the lag period in population response was species-specific. High grazing negatively affected overall abundance, but specifically in Mastomys coucha; fire alone had little immediate impact on small mammal diversity. Six months after the fire, vegetation cover had recovered to similar levels as unburned areas, although small mammal diversity and richness were higher in burned areas than unburned areas. Grazing levels influenced the rate of vegetation recovery. In conclusion, low-level grazing and burning can help to maintain small mammal biodiversity, if conducted under appropriate rainfall levels. A too high grazing pressure, combined with fire, and/or fire conducted under drought conditions can have a negative impact on small mammal biodiversity. To maintain small mammal diversity in grassland ecosystems, the combined effects of the previous year’s rainfall and existing population level as well as the inhibition of vegetation recovery via grazing pressure need to be taken into consideration before fire management is applied.
机译：在全球的草原系统中，生态学家一直试图了解火灾，放牧和降雨在造成栖息地异质性方面的复杂作用，以及人为控制这些因素对生态系统完整性和功能的影响。以南非草原生态系统为模型，我们研究了降雨和放牧压力对降雨周期的三个不同时期对小型哺乳动物群落的影响。在过去的两年中，共15203次诱捕夜揭示了1598种捕获物，捕获了11种（9种啮齿动物，1种巨噬动物和1种食虫动物）。结果强调了因素之间相互作用的重要性，并表明火，放牧和降雨在确定小型哺乳动物丰度中的作用取决于物种。尽管没有两个物种受相同的环境变量影响，但草覆盖或高度对56％的物种很重要。尽管种群响应的滞后期是特定于物种的，但单独考虑高降雨对小型哺乳动物的丰度和多样性具有积极影响。高放牧对总体丰度产生负面影响，但特别是在马氏酵母中；单枪匹马就不会对小型哺乳动物的多样性产生直接影响。火灾发生六个月后，植被覆盖率恢复到与未燃烧区相似的水平，尽管燃烧区的小型哺乳动物多样性和丰富度高于未燃烧区。放牧水平影响了植被的恢复速度。总之，如果在适当的降雨水平下进行，低度放牧和燃烧可以帮助维持小型哺乳动物的生物多样性。放牧压力过高，加上起火和/或在干旱条件下起火，可能会对小型哺乳动物的生物多样性产生不利影响。为了在草地生态系统中维持较小的哺乳动物多样性，在实施消防管理之前，必须考虑上一年的降雨和现有人口水平的综合影响，以及通过放牧压力对植被恢复的抑制作用。

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  • 来源
    《Oecologia》 |2007年第2期|387-402|共16页
  • 作者

    R. W. Yarnell; D. M. Scott; C. T. Chimimba; D. J. Metcalfe;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Biological Sciences University of Brighton Moulsecoomb Brighton BN2 4GJ UK;

    Department of Biological Sciences University of Brighton Moulsecoomb Brighton BN2 4GJ UK;

    CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems Tropical Forest Research Centre PO Box 780 Atherton Queensland 4883 Australia;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Diversity; Management; Rodents; Savanna;

    机译：多样性;管理;啮齿动物;热带稀树草原;

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