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Separating the effects of intra- and interspecific age-structured interactions in an experimental fish assemblage

机译：在实验鱼群中分离种内和种间年龄结构相互作用的影响

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摘要

We documented patterns of age-structured biotic interactions in four mesocosm experiments with an assemblage of three species of co-occurring fishes from the Florida Everglades, the eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki), sailfin molly (Poecilia latipinna), and bluefin killifish (Lucania goodei). These species were chosen based on their high abundance and overlapping diets. Juvenile mosquitofish and sailfin mollies, at a range of densities matching field estimates, were maintained in the presence of adult mosquitofish, sailfin mollies, and bluefin killifish to test for effects of competition and predation on juvenile survival and growth. The mesocosms held 1,200 l of water and all conditions were set to simulate those in Shark River Slough, Everglades National Park (ENP), USA. We placed floating mats of periphyton and bladderwort in each tank in standard volumes that matched field values to provide cover and to introduce invertebrate prey. Of 15 possible intra- and interspecific age-structured interactions, we found 7 to be present at the densities of these fish found in Shark River Slough marshes. Predation by adult mosquitofish on juvenile fish, including conspecifics, was the strongest effect observed. We also observed growth limitation in mosquitofish and sailfin molly juveniles from intra- and interspecific competition. When maintained at high densities, juvenile mosquitofish changed their diets to include more cladocerans and fewer chironomid larvae relative to low densities. We estimated size-specific gape limitation by adult mosquitofish when consuming juvenile mosquitofish and sailfin mollies. At high field densities, intraspecific competition might prolong the time period when juveniles are vulnerable to predation by adult mosquitofish. These results suggest that path analysis, or other techniques used to document food-web interactions, must include age-specific roles of these fishes.
机译：我们在四个中观宇宙实验中记录了年龄结构的生物相互作用的模式，这些实验包括来自佛罗里达大沼泽地的三种共生鱼类，东部蚊子（Gambusia holbrooki），风帆mol（Poecilia latipinna）和蓝鳍金鱼（Lucania goodei） ）。选择这些物种是基于它们的高丰度和重叠饮食。在成年蚊、,和蓝鳍金枪鱼的存在下，以一定密度匹配的现场估计值维持了幼蚊和sail鳍的软体动物，以测试竞争和捕食对幼体存活和生长的影响。中膜吸收了1200升的水，所有条件都被设置为模拟美国大沼泽国家公园（ENP）的鲨鱼河泥沼。我们在每个水箱中以与田间值相匹配的标准体积放置了附生植物和膀胱草的漂浮垫，以提供掩盖并引入无脊椎动物猎物。在15种可能的种内和种间年龄结构相互作用中，我们发现在鲨鱼河泥沼中发现的这些鱼类的密度中存在7种。观察到的最强的作用是成年蚊鱼对幼鱼（包括特定物种）的捕食。我们还观察到了来自种内和种间竞争的蚊鱼和sail鳍幼体的生长限制。当保持高密度时，相对于低密度，幼蚊改变了饮食，包括更多的角螯虾和更少的鳞翅目幼虫。我们估计了成年蚊鱼在食用幼体蚊鱼和sail鳍时的特定大小的缝隙限制。在高田间密度下，种内竞争可能会延长幼虫易受成年蚊鱼捕食的时间。这些结果表明，路径分析或其他用于记录食物网相互作用的技术必须包括这些鱼类的特定年龄角色。

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  • 来源
    《Oecologia》 |2001年第1期|143-152|共10页
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  • 作者单位

    Department of Biological Science Florida International University Miami FL 33199 USA;

    Department of Biological Science Florida International University Miami FL 33199 USA;

    USGS-Biological Resources Division Everglades National Park Field Station 40001 State Road 9336 Homestead FL 33034-6733 USA;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Food web Age-structure Competition Predation Cannibalism;

    机译：食物网年龄结构竞争捕食者;

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